Abstract Titanium dioxide is regarded as a very promising semiconducting material that is widely applied in many everyday-use products, devices, and processes. In general, those applications can be divided into energy or environmental categories, where a high conversion rate, and energy and power density are of particular interest. Therefore, many efforts are being put towards the elaboration of novel production routes, and improving the material’s properties such as light absorption, and charge concentration, as well as development of the surface area to improve the efficiency of particular process. Typically, bulk doping and surface modifications can be distinguished, applying some sol-gel, chemical vapour deposition, and hydrothermal processes in the presence of dopant precursors. However, development of waste disposal and many up-scaling optimisation routes have to be performed to consider the proposed path worthy of wide scale, commercial use. In contrast to the wet-chemistry methods, laser technology offers unique material treatment by light of a particular wavelength, fluence, and pulse repetition rate. In consequence, the changes can affect the bulk structure or only its surface. Such an approach provides a wide range of possible modifications without the use of any chemical products, and therefore avoids the formation of any by-products. Moreover, knowing the facile scaling up of laser treatment towards a higher technology readiness level, we believe such an approach stands out from synthesis and/or modification carried out first in small flasks and using small amounts of substrates. In this review, we would like to emphasize the results of selected studies presenting possible laser beam and titania interactions ensuring changes in the surface zone or deeply in the internal structure. The works evoked here indicate that this powerful technique can, among other things, provide slight surface melting of titania nanotubes, their phase transition from an amorphous solid to anatase or, when the fluence exceeds a certain threshold, the ablation of material out of the titania target.

中文翻译：

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回顾强大的激光与二氧化钛的相互作用——图案化、结晶和烧蚀过程

摘要 二氧化钛被认为是一种非常有前途的半导体材料，被广泛应用于许多日常使用的产品、设备和工艺中。一般来说，这些应用可以分为能源或环境类别，其中高转换率、能量和功率密度是特别重要的。因此，人们正在努力制定新的生产路线，改善材料的性能，例如光吸收和电荷浓度，以及开发表面积以提高特定工艺的效率。通常，可以区分本体掺杂和表面改性，在掺杂剂前体存在的情况下应用一些溶胶-凝胶、化学气相沉积和水热工艺。然而，必须执行废物处理的开发和许多升级优化路线，以考虑值得大规模商业用途的拟议路径。与湿化学方法相比，激光技术通过特定波长、能量密度和脉冲重复率的光提供独特的材料处理。因此，这些变化会影响整体结构或仅影响其表面。这种方法在不使用任何化学产品的情况下提供了广泛的可能修改，因此避免了任何副产品的形成。此外，知道激光治疗可以轻松地扩大到更高的技术就绪水平，我们相信这种方法从首先在小烧瓶中使用少量底物进行的合成和/或修饰中脱颖而出。在这次审查中，我们想强调选定研究的结果，这些研究展示了可能的激光束和二氧化钛相互作用，确保表面区域或内部结构深处的变化。这里提到的工作表明，这种强大的技术可以提供二氧化钛纳米管的轻微表面熔化，它们从无定形固体到锐钛矿的相变，或者当通量超过某个阈值时，从二氧化钛中烧蚀材料目标。