Abstract In recent years, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted considerable attention for their potential application in photonics and optoelectronics. One of the main limitations in realizing efficient and reliable solid-state devices is the aggregation-caused quenching effect. At a short distance, the mutual interaction among nanoparticles enhances the non-radiative mechanisms, undermining the extraordinary optical properties of CDs. In this review, we have critically analyzed the main strategies for maintaining and empowering the optical properties of CDs from liquid to solid-state. These routes include the preparation of self-quenching-resistant fluorescent CDs and the embedding into different matrices. The material processing and the nature of the chemical environment surrounding the CDs are key parameters for selecting an optically transparent matrix. An optimized host material would preserve the fundamental properties of CDs, but also improve their performances extending the application field. Many types of matrices for CDs have been tested, such as polymers, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, mesoporous and layered materials. Besides, unconventional host materials have also used as a matrix, e.g. acid molecules condensates and inorganic salts. The successful use of CDs is highly relying on their incorporation into a solid-state matrix.

中文翻译：

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固态荧光碳点：从纳米结构到功能器件

摘要 近年来，碳点（CDs）因其在光子学和光电子学中的潜在应用而受到广泛关注。实现高效可靠的固态器件的主要限制之一是聚集引起的猝灭效应。在短距离内，纳米粒子之间的相互作用增强了非辐射机制，破坏了 CD 的非凡光学特性。在这篇综述中，我们批判性地分析了维持和增强 CD 从液态到固态的光学特性的主要策略。这些途径包括制备抗自熄性荧光 CD 和嵌入不同的基质。CD 周围的材料加工和化学环境的性质是选择光学透明矩阵的关键参数。优化的主体材料将保留 CD 的基本特性，但也会提高其性能，从而扩展应用领域。已经测试了许多类型的 CD 基质，例如聚合物、有机-无机杂化材料、介孔和层状材料。此外，非常规主体材料也已用作基质，例如酸分子缩合物和无机盐。CD 的成功使用高度依赖于将它们整合到固态矩阵中。如聚合物、有机-无机杂化材料、介孔和层状材料。此外，非常规主体材料也已用作基质，例如酸分子缩合物和无机盐。CD 的成功使用高度依赖于将它们合并到固态矩阵中。如聚合物、有机-无机杂化材料、介孔和层状材料。此外，非常规主体材料也已用作基质，例如酸分子缩合物和无机盐。CD 的成功使用高度依赖于将它们整合到固态矩阵中。