Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been received increasing attention in recent years due to their high capability and adaptability for the degradation of emerging contaminants. Persulfate (PS, S₂O₈²⁻) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO₅⁻) can be activated by thermal, alkaline, ultraviolet light, activated carbon, transition metal (such as Fe⁰, Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺, Ag⁺), ultrasound and hydrogen peroxide to form sulfate radical (SO₄⁻), which is strong oxidant and capable of effectively degrading emerging pollutants. Sulfate radical-based AOPs have a series of advantages in comparison with OH-based methods, for example: higher oxidation potential, higher selectivity and efficiency to oxidize pollutants containing unsaturated bonds or aromatic ring, wider pH range. Therefore, sulfate radicals are capable of removing the emerging contaminants more efficiently. In this review paper, various methods for the activation of PS and PMS were introduced, including, thermal, alkaline, radiation, transition metal ions and metal oxide, carbonaceous-based materials activation and so on; and their possible activation mechanisms were discussed. In addition, the application of activated PS and PMS for the degradation of emerging contaminants and the influencing factors were summarized. Finally, the concluding remarks and perspectives are made for future study on the activation of PS and PMS. This review can provide an overview for the activation and application of PS and PMS for the degradation of emerging contaminants, as well as for the deep understanding of the activation mechanisms of PS and PMS by various methods.

近年来，基于硫酸根的高级氧化工艺（AOP）由于其对新兴污染物降解的高能力和适应性而受到越来越多的关注。过硫酸盐（PS，S ₂ ö ₈ ^2-）和过氧单（PMS，HSO ₅ ^- ）可通过热，碱，紫外线，活性碳，过渡金属活化（如Fe ⁰，铁²⁺，铜²⁺，共²⁺，银⁺），超声波和过氧化氢，以形成硫酸根（SO ₄ ^-），它是强氧化剂，能够有效降解新兴污染物。硫酸根基AOP与例如，基于OH的方法：更高的氧化电位，更高的选择性和效率，以氧化包含不饱和键或芳环的污染物，更宽的pH范围。因此，硫酸根能够更有效地去除新出现的污染物。在这篇综述论文中，介绍了多种激活PS和PMS的方法，包括热，碱，辐射，过渡金属离子和金属氧化物，含碳材料的激活等。并讨论了其可能的激活机制。此外，总结了活化PS和PMS在降解新兴污染物和影响因素方面的应用。最后，对未来PS和PMS激活的研究作了总结和展望。