Li-rich NMC are considered nowadays as one of the most promising candidates for high energy density cathodes. One significant challenge is nested in adjusting their synthesis conditions to reach optimum electrochemical performance, but no consensus has been reached yet on the ideal synthesis protocol. Herein, we revisited the elaboration of Li-rich NMC electrodes by focusing on the science involved through each synthesis steps using carbonate Ni_0.1625Mn_0.675Co_0.1625CO₃ precursor coprecipitation combined with solid state synthesis. We demonstrated the effect of precursor’s concentration on the kinetics of the precipitation reaction and provided clues to obtain spherically agglomerated NMC carbonates of different sizes. Moreover, we highlighted the strong impact of the Li₂CO₃/NMC carbonate ratio on the morphology and particles size of Li-rich NMC and subsequently on their electrochemical performance. Ratio of 1.35 was found to reproducibly give the best performance with namely a first discharge capacity of 269 mAh g^–1 and capacity retention of 89.6% after 100 cycles. We hope that our results, which reveal how particle size, morphology, and phase composition affect the material’s electrochemical performance, will help in reconciling literature data while providing valuable fundamental information for up scaling approaches.

中文翻译：

---

富锂NMC的合成：综合研究

如今，富含锂的NMC被认为是高能量密度阴极最有希望的候选者之一。调节其合成条件以达到最佳的电化学性能是一项重大挑战，但在理想的合成方案上尚未达成共识。在这里，我们通过关注碳酸盐Ni _0.1625 Mn _0.675 Co _0.1625 CO _3的每个合成步骤所涉及的科学，重新探讨了富锂NMC电极的制造方法。前体共沉淀结合固态合成。我们证明了前驱体浓度对沉淀反应动力学的影响，并提供了线索来获得球形团聚的不同尺寸的NMC碳酸盐。此外，我们强调了Li ₂ CO ₃ / NMC碳酸盐比率对富Li NMC的形态和粒径以及随后对其电化学性能的强烈影响。发现1.35的比率可再现地提供最佳性能，即首次放电容量为269 mAh g ^–1100次循环后容量保持率为89.6％。我们希望我们的结果能够揭示颗粒尺寸，形态和相组成如何影响材料的电化学性能，从而有助于调和文献数据，同时为扩大规模的方法提供有价值的基础信息。