Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody to the immune-checkpoint protein PD-1 (programmed cell death-1), has been approved for the treatment of several tumor types including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). On the basis of the results of a randomized phase III trial (KEYNOTE-024) [1], pembrolizumab is now administered as a standard therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC that expresses the PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) on at least 50% of tumor cells. However, little is known of the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis. We here describe a patient with NSCLC who developed leptomeningeal carcinomatosis despite a marked response of the primary lesion and metastatic brain tumors during pembrolizumab therapy.

中文翻译：

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非小细胞肺癌患者脑转移对派姆单抗的显着反应期间，软脑膜癌的发展。

Pembrolizumab是针对免疫检查点蛋白PD-1（程序性细胞死亡1）的单克隆抗体，已被批准用于治疗多种肿瘤类型，包括非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）。根据一项随机III期试验（KEYNOTE-024）的结果[1]，现在将派姆单抗作为标准疗法用于晚期NSCLC患者，该患者至少在50岁时表达PD-1配体（PD-L1）。肿瘤细胞的百分比。然而，对免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）治疗中枢神经系统（CNS）转移的功效知之甚少。我们在此描述了尽管在派姆单抗治疗期间原发灶和转移性脑肿瘤有明显反应，但仍发展为软脑膜癌的NSCLC患者。