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Mimicking and Inhibiting Urea Hydrolysis in Nonwater Urinals
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-15 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03571 Daniella Saetta 1, 2 , Treavor H. Boyer 2
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-15 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03571 Daniella Saetta 1, 2 , Treavor H. Boyer 2
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Nonwater urinals are critical in the implementation of building-scale water conservation and urine diversion systems. However, because of the composition of urine and the prevalence of the urease enzyme that hydrolyzes urea, minerals readily precipitate in nonwater urinals and pipes. This leads to clogging, malodor, and possible replacement of nonwater urinals with flush urinals. Accordingly, the goal of this research was to provide an improved understanding of the urea hydrolysis process in nonwater urinals to benefit water conservation and phosphate recovery efforts. Acetic acid addition was used in nonwater urinals to inhibit the urea hydrolysis reaction by lowering the pH, thereby making the precipitation of calcium- and magnesium-containing minerals less favorable. Of the acids tested, 2.5 mL of 2500 mequiv/L acetic acid added after every urination event was able to inhibit urea hydrolysis in synthetic urine and real urine as indicated by the pH and conductivity of the effluent urine. Acid addition also allowed for 43% more phosphate recovery via struvite precipitation in the acetic acid addition synthetic urine than the synthetic urine with no acid addition.
中文翻译：
在非水型小便池中模拟和抑制尿素水解
非水型小便池对于实施建筑规模的节水和尿液分流系统至关重要。但是，由于尿液的成分和尿素酶水解尿素的普遍性，矿物质很容易在非水便池和管道中沉淀。这会导致堵塞，恶臭，并可能用冲水小便池替换非水小便池。因此，本研究的目的是提供对非水型小便池中尿素水解过程的更好理解，以利于节水和磷酸盐回收。在非水型小便池中添加乙酸可通过降低pH值来抑制尿素水解反应，从而使含钙和镁的矿物质沉淀变得不太有利。在测试的酸中，2。每次排尿事件后添加5 mL 2500 mequiv / L乙酸，能够抑制合成尿液和实际尿液中的尿素水解，如流出尿液的pH和电导率所示。与不添加酸的合成尿相比，添加酸还使通过鸟粪石沉淀在添加乙酸的合成尿中的磷酸盐回收率提高了43％。
更新日期：2017-11-16
中文翻译：
在非水型小便池中模拟和抑制尿素水解
非水型小便池对于实施建筑规模的节水和尿液分流系统至关重要。但是，由于尿液的成分和尿素酶水解尿素的普遍性，矿物质很容易在非水便池和管道中沉淀。这会导致堵塞，恶臭，并可能用冲水小便池替换非水小便池。因此，本研究的目的是提供对非水型小便池中尿素水解过程的更好理解，以利于节水和磷酸盐回收。在非水型小便池中添加乙酸可通过降低pH值来抑制尿素水解反应，从而使含钙和镁的矿物质沉淀变得不太有利。在测试的酸中，2。每次排尿事件后添加5 mL 2500 mequiv / L乙酸，能够抑制合成尿液和实际尿液中的尿素水解，如流出尿液的pH和电导率所示。与不添加酸的合成尿相比，添加酸还使通过鸟粪石沉淀在添加乙酸的合成尿中的磷酸盐回收率提高了43％。
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