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Eco-Friendly Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Cardanol Polyphosphazene Polybenzoxazine Networks
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-28 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02657 Nagarjuna Amarnath 1 , Divambal Appavoo 1 , Bimlesh Lochab 1
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-28 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b02657 Nagarjuna Amarnath 1 , Divambal Appavoo 1 , Bimlesh Lochab 1
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We report on the preparation of hexa-functional cardanol (renewable phenolic compound) benzoxazine with a phosphazene core (CPN) for use as a greener eco-friendly halogen-free flame retardant reactive additive for the formation of sustainable polyphosphazene polybenzoxazine networks for flame resistant applications. The structure and purity of the monomer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-, 13C-, 31P NMR) and gel permeation chromatography studies. The CPN monomer showed good compatibility with benzoxazine monomer (CPN0) as suggested by the cocuring studies. The thermal properties of the copolymer can be directly tuned by altering the composition of the monomer blend. The occurrence of phosphazene–phosphazane thermal rearrangement is also suggested for the thermal behavior (thermogravimetry analysis) at higher loading of CPN in the monomer feed ratio. An improvement in mechanical properties of the copolymer with increase in glass transition temperature was confirmed by enhancement in cross-link density as compared to neat polybenzoxazine. The reactive nature and presence of phosphazene core improved both the smoke density rating, vertical burning rating and led to higher limiting oxygen index. The FTIR and scanning electron microscopy studies of residual char supported the formation of functionalities and morphologies favorable to support the flame resistance behavior of polymer by incorporation of reactive benzoxazine with phosphazene core. Finally, we demonstrate that incorporation of cardanol phosphazene network has good compatibility with the polybenzoxazine phenolic thermosets with improvement in flame retardancy. The higher cardanol (65.7%) and phosphorus content (3.4%) and reactive nature of synthesized compound is attractive as a sustainable additive with the scope of their utilization with other polymeric resins.
中文翻译：
环保无卤阻燃腰果酚聚磷腈聚苯并恶嗪网络
我们报告了制备具有磷腈核（C PN）的六官能腰果酚（可再生酚类化合物）苯并恶嗪的方法，该化合物用作绿色环保的无卤阻燃活性添加剂，可形成可持续的聚磷腈聚苯并恶嗪网络，从而实现阻燃性应用程序。单体的结构和纯度通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），核磁共振（1 H-，13 C-，31 P NMR）和凝胶渗透色谱研究得到证实。C PN单体与苯并恶嗪单体（C PN0），如共固化研究所建议。可以通过改变单体共混物的组成直接调节共聚物的热性能。磷腈-磷氮烷热重排的发生也暗示了在较高的C PN负载下的热行为（热重分析）。在单体进料比中。与纯聚苯并恶嗪相比，通过提高交联密度，证实了共聚物的机械性能随玻璃化转变温度的提高而提高。磷腈核的反应性质和存在改善了烟密度等级，垂直燃烧等级并导致更高的极限氧指数。残余碳的FTIR和扫描电子显微镜研究通过将活性苯并恶嗪与磷腈核结合，有助于形成有利于支持聚合物阻燃性能的官能团和形态。最后，我们证明了腰果酚磷腈网络的并入与聚苯并恶嗪酚醛热固性材料具有良好的相容性，并改善了阻燃性。高级腰果酚（65。
更新日期：2017-11-28
中文翻译：
环保无卤阻燃腰果酚聚磷腈聚苯并恶嗪网络
我们报告了制备具有磷腈核（C PN）的六官能腰果酚（可再生酚类化合物）苯并恶嗪的方法，该化合物用作绿色环保的无卤阻燃活性添加剂，可形成可持续的聚磷腈聚苯并恶嗪网络，从而实现阻燃性应用程序。单体的结构和纯度通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），核磁共振（1 H-，13 C-，31 P NMR）和凝胶渗透色谱研究得到证实。C PN单体与苯并恶嗪单体（C PN0），如共固化研究所建议。可以通过改变单体共混物的组成直接调节共聚物的热性能。磷腈-磷氮烷热重排的发生也暗示了在较高的C PN负载下的热行为（热重分析）。在单体进料比中。与纯聚苯并恶嗪相比，通过提高交联密度，证实了共聚物的机械性能随玻璃化转变温度的提高而提高。磷腈核的反应性质和存在改善了烟密度等级，垂直燃烧等级并导致更高的极限氧指数。残余碳的FTIR和扫描电子显微镜研究通过将活性苯并恶嗪与磷腈核结合，有助于形成有利于支持聚合物阻燃性能的官能团和形态。最后，我们证明了腰果酚磷腈网络的并入与聚苯并恶嗪酚醛热固性材料具有良好的相容性，并改善了阻燃性。高级腰果酚（65。
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