The development of algal biorefineries is strongly associated with the nutrient management, particularly phosphorus, which is a limited mineral resource. Flash hydrolysis (FH) has been widely applied to a variety of algae species to fractionate its constituents. This chemical-free, subcritical water technique was used to extract more than 80 wt % of phosphorus available in the Scenedesmus sp. as water-soluble phosphates in the aqueous phase (hydrolysate). The phosphate-rich hydrolysate was subjected to the hydrothermal mineralization (HTM) process at 280 °C and 5–90 min of residence time to mineralize phosphates as allotropes of calcium phosphate such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) and whitlockite (WH). In the current study, the effect of reaction time on phosphate mineralization from the hydrolysate as well as the composition, structure and the morphology of the precipitates were studied. Calcium hydroxide and commercial HAp were used as the mineralizer and seeding material, respectively. More than 97 wt % of phosphate and almost 94 wt % of calcium were removed in the first 5 min of the HTM process. Results revealed that as the HTM reaction time increased, calcium phosphate precipitates transformed from WH to carbonated HAp. The integration of the proposed mineralization process with FH can be a cost-effective pathway to produce sustainable, and high value phosphate-based bioproducts from algae. The application of HAp includes biomedical applications such as synthetic bone and implant filling, drug delivery, chromatography, corrosion resistance materials, catalytic activities and fertilizers.

中文翻译：

---

反应时间对微藻水解物中磷酸盐矿化的影响

藻类生物精炼厂的发展与养分管理（尤其是磷）密切相关，磷是一种有限的矿产资源。快速水解（FH）已广泛应用于各种藻类以分离其成分。这项无化学试剂的亚临界水技术被用于提取场景中可用磷的80％以上sp。作为水相中的水溶性磷酸盐（水解产物）。富含磷酸盐的水解产物在280°C和5–90 min的停留时间下进行水热矿化（HTM）过程，以将磷酸盐作为钙的同素异形体，例如羟基磷灰石（HAp）和菱镁矿（WH）进行矿化。在当前的研究中，研究了反应时间对水解产物中磷酸盐矿化的影响，以及沉淀物的组成，结构和形态。氢氧化钙和商业HAp分别用作矿化剂和种子材料。在HTM工艺的前5分钟内，去除了超过97 wt％的磷酸盐和几乎94 wt％的钙。结果表明，随着HTM反应时间的增加，磷酸钙沉淀从WH转变为碳酸HAp。拟议的矿化过程与FH的整合可能是从藻类生产可持续的，高价值的磷酸盐基生物产品的经济有效途径。HAp的应用包括生物医学应用，例如合成骨和植入物的填充，药物输送，色谱法，耐腐蚀材料，催化活性和肥料。