Dr William Halse Rivers Rivers (1864–1922) was a pioneer in many of the emerging fields of science between 1880 and 1920. Yet he is known today, if at all, less for his outstanding scientific achievements than for his friendship with two of the greatest names among the First World War poets, Siegfried Sassoon and Robert Graves, whom he met at Craiglockhart Military Hospital in 1917. Rivers’s mistake, according to Graves, who studied his work closely, ‘lay in being genuinely first class in too many subjects and exciting jealousy by relating together too brilliantly the result of his researches in medicine, physiology, morbid psychology, social psychology, ethnology, magic, religion and other over-specialised departments of human knowledge’. Graves’s words were written in response to two books by one of Rivers’s most famous pupils, Bronislaw Malinowski who, less than 5 years after Rivers’s premature death aged only 58, attacked the teacher he had so recently revered in two seminal works based on Malinowski’s field-work in Melanesia, Crime and Custom in Savage Society (1922) and Myth in Primitive Psychology (1926). No one could read these books, Graves argued, ‘without concluding that Rivers was one of those theorists who lived in a “closed study” and never “ventured into the open air”’. Whereas, in fact, Rivers was one of the pioneers of anthropological fieldwork. Indeed it was Rivers himself who had introduced Malinowski to Melanesia when he invited him to join him on his second visit there in July 1914.

中文翻译：

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WHR Rivers博士：齐格弗里德·沙宣（Siegfried Sassoon）和罗伯特·格雷夫斯（Robert Graves）的“父亲之友”

William Halse Rivers Rivers博士（1864–1922）在1880年至1920年间是许多新兴科学领域的先驱。然而，如今，他的杰出科学成就甚至不如他与两个科学家的友谊而闻名。第一次世界大战诗人中最著名的人物是齐格弗里德·沙逊（Siegfried Sassoon）和罗伯特·格雷夫斯（Robert Graves），他于1917年在克雷格哈特军事医院相识。格雷夫斯对自己的作品进行了仔细研究，认为里弗斯的错误是因为他在许多学科上都是真正的一流学生，通过将他在医学，生理学，病态心理学，社会心理学，人种学，魔术，宗教和其他人类知识的过度专业化领域的研究成果过于巧妙地联系在一起而激发了嫉妒心。格雷夫斯的话是针对里弗斯最著名的学生之一写的两本书而写的，野蛮社会的犯罪与习俗（1922年）和原始心理学的神话（1926年）。格雷夫斯认为，没有人能读到这些书，“没有得出结论，里弗斯是那些生活在“封闭研究”中而从未“冒险”的理论家之一。实际上，里弗斯是人类学田野调查的先驱之一。确实是里弗斯本人将马林诺夫斯基介绍给美拉尼西亚，当时他邀请他加入他于1914年7月进行的第二次访问。