This study investigated particle and gaseous emission factors from a large cargo vessel for her whole voyage including at berth, manoeuvring and cruising. Quantification of these factors assists in minimising the uncertainty in the current methods of exhaust gas emission factor estimation. Engine performance and emissions from the main marine engine were measured on-board while the ship was manoeuvring and cruising at sea. Emissions of an auxiliary engine working at 55% of maximum continuous rating (MCR) were measured when the ship was at actual harbour stopovers. Gaseous and particle emission factors in this study are presented in g kWh⁻¹ or # kWh⁻¹, and compared with previous studies. Results showed that the SO₂ emission factor is higher than that of previous studies due to the high sulphur content of the fuel used. The particle number size distributions showed only one mode for different operating conditions of the ship, with a peak at around 40–50 nm, which was dominated by ultrafine particles. Emission factors of CO, HC, PM and PN observed during ship manoeuvring were much higher than that of those recorded at cruising condition. These findings highlight the importance of quantification and monitoring ship emissions in close proximity to port areas, as they can have the highest impact on population exposure.

这项研究调查了一艘大型货船整个航程中的颗粒物和气体排放因子，包括泊位，操纵和巡航情况。这些因素的量化有助于最大程度地减少当前废气排放因子估算方法中的不确定性。船舶在海上航行和巡航时，在船上测量了主要船用发动机的发动机性能和排放。在船舶实际停靠港口时，测量了以最大连续额定值（MCR）的55％工作的辅助发动机的排放。本研究中的气体和颗粒物排放因子以g kWh ^-1或＃kWh ^-1表示，并与以前的研究进行了比较。结果表明，SO ₂由于所用燃料的高硫含量，其排放因子高于以前的研究。颗粒数的大小分布仅显示了在船的不同操作条件下的一种模式，其峰值在40–50 nm左右，其中以超细颗粒为主。船舶操纵过程中观察到的CO，HC，PM和PN的排放因子远高于在巡航状态下记录的排放因子。这些发现凸显了量化和监控靠近港口地区的船舶排放物的重要性，因为它们对人口暴露的影响最大。