The efficient handling of wastewater pollutants is a must, since they are continuously defiling limited fresh water resources, seriously affecting the terrestrial, aquatic, and aerial flora and fauna. Our vision is to undertake an exhaustive examination of current research trends with a focus on nanomaterials (NMs) to considerably improve the performance of classical wastewater treatment technologies, e.g. adsorption, catalysis, separation, and disinfection. Additionally, NM-based sensor technologies are considered, since they have been significantly used for monitoring water contaminants. We also suggest future directions to inform investigators of potentially disruptive NM technologies that have to be investigated in more detail. The fate and environmental transformations of NMs, which need to be addressed before large-scale implementation of NMs for water purification, are also highlighted.

中文翻译：

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用于水保护和监测的纳米材料的最新进展

必须有效处理废水污染物，因为它们不断消耗有限的淡水资源，严重影响了陆地，水生和空中动植物。我们的愿景是对当前的研究趋势进行详尽的研究，重点是纳米材料（NMs），以大大提高经典废水处理技术的性能，例如吸附，催化，分离和消毒。另外，考虑了基于NM的传感器技术，因为它们已被大量用于监视水污染物。我们还建议未来的方向，以告知研究人员可能需要破坏性的NM技术，必须对其进行更详细的研究。还强调了NM的命运和环境转变，在大规模实施用于水净化的NM之前，必须解决这些命运和环境的转变。