Cell design and optimization of the components, including active materials and passive components, play an important role in constructing robust, high-performance rechargeable batteries. Seawater batteries, which utilize earth-abundant and natural seawater as the active material in an open-structured cathode, require a new platform for building and testing the cells other than typical Li-ion coin-type or pouch-type cells. Herein, we present new findings based on our optimized cell. Engineering the cathode components—improving the wettability of cathode current collector and seawater catholyte flow—improves the battery performance (voltage efficiency). Optimizing the cell component and design is the key to identifying the electrochemical processes and reactions of active materials. Hence, the outcome of this research can provide a systematic study of potentially active materials used in seawater batteries and their effectiveness on the electrochemical performance.

电池的设计和组件的优化（包括活性材料和无源组件）在构建坚固的高性能可充电电池中起着重要作用。海水电池在开放结构的阴极中利用富含地球的天然海水和天然海水作为活性材料，因此需要一个新的平台来构建和测试除典型的锂离子硬币型或袋型电池以外的其他电池。本文中，我们基于优化的细胞提出了新的发现。对阴极组件进行工程设计（提高阴极集流体的润湿性和海水阴极电解液的流动性）可改善电池性能（电压效率）。优化电池组件和设计是确定电化学过程和活性材料反应的关键。因此，