Ivermectin is the most common endectocide used to control parasites affecting livestock. Short-term physiological and behavioural effects of ivermectin on dung beetles may have long-term consequences for beetle populations and ecosystem functioning. Long-term effects of the use of ivermectin can be estimated by comparing dung assemblages and ecosystem functions in areas with conventional ivermectin-treated livestock and environmentally similar areas in which livestock are not treated with veterinary medical products (organic farming). In this study, we investigated both short-term and long-term effects of the administration of ivermectin on the characteristics of dung beetle assemblages and the services they provided in a protected area (Doñana National Park, SW Spain). We examined short-term dung colonization, dwelling, relocation, and disaggregation rates and the associations between these processes and the key assemblage parameters of species richness, abundance, biomass and functional diversity. Furthermore, we analysed changes in soil physical-chemical properties and processes. Short-term differences were observed in the total amount of dung relocated by dung beetles at different colonization vs. emigration stages, suggesting that dung beetles in this area were affected by the recent treatments of livestock with ivermectin. Moreover, short-term effects could also be responsible for the significant differences in dung spreading rates between sites. Conventional use of ivermectin disrupted ecosystem functioning by affecting species richness, abundance and biomass. The decrease in diversity parameters was related to a reduction in the functional efficiency, which resulted in the long-term accumulation of dung on the ground and considerable changes in soil functionality.

伊维菌素是用于控制影响牲畜的寄生虫的最常见的内杀菌剂。伊维菌素对甲的短期生理和行为影响可能会对甲虫种群和生态系统功能产生长期影响。伊维菌素的长期使用效果可通过比较用常规伊维菌素处理过的牲畜地区和未经兽药治疗的环境相似地区（有机耕作）的粪便组合和生态系统功能来估算。在这项研究中，我们调查了伊维菌素给药对甲虫组合特征和它们在保护区（西班牙西班牙多纳纳国家公园）中提供的服务的短期和长期影响。我们研究了粪便的短期定居，居住，搬迁，分解速率以及这些过程与物种丰富度，丰度，生物量和功能多样性的关键集合参数之间的关联。此外，我们分析了土壤物理化学性质和过程的变化。在不同定居阶段和迁徙阶段，观察到的甲虫重新安置的粪便总量存在短期差异，这表明该地区的甲虫受到最近用伊维菌素处理的家畜的影响。此外，短期影响也可能是造成站点之间粪便传播速度显着差异的原因。伊维菌素的常规使用通过影响物种的丰富性，丰度和生物量来破坏生态系统的功能。多样性参数的减少与功能效率的降低有关，