Micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, hormones and phenolic utility chemicals in sewage water are considered to be an emerging problem because of increased use and observed adverse effects in the environment. The study provides knowledge on the removal efficiency of micropollutants with a range of physical and chemical properties in three commercially available onsite wastewater treatment facilities (OWTFs), tested on influent wastewater collected from 2500 person equivalents in Bildchen, Germany. A longer hydraulic retention time would in theory be expected to have a positive effect, and this study presents results for three different OWTFs in full-scale comparable tests under natural conditions. A range of 24 different pharmaceuticals, five phenols and three hormones were analyzed. Flow-proportional consecutive sampling was performed in order to determine the removal efficiency. Twenty-eight substances were detected in the effluent wastewater out of 32 substances included. Average effluent concentrations of Simvastatin, Estrone, Estradiol and Ethinylestradiol were above the indicative critical-effect concentration of pharmacological effect on fish in all facilities. Average effluent concentrations of both Diclofenac and Estradiol were higher than the Environmental Quality Standards applied in Sweden (190–240 times and 9–35 times respectively). The removal efficiency of micropollutants was high for substances with high logK_ow, which enhance the adsorption and removal with sludge. Low removal was observed for substances with low logK_ow and acidic characteristics, and for substances with stabilizing elements of the chemical structure. Facilities that use activated sludge processes removed hormones more efficiently than facilities using trickling filter treatment technique. Moreover, longer hydraulic retention time increased the removal of pharmaceuticals, hormones, turbidity and total nitrogen. Removal of Caffeine, Ibuprofen, Estrone, Naproxen and Estradiol, was strongly correlated to the sludge and particles removal. Thus, the efficiency of the tested OWTFs could be improved by adjusting the technical methods and increasing the hydraulic retention time.

污水中的微量污染物，例如药品，激素和酚类实用化学物质，由于使用量增加以及对环境的不利影响而被认为是一个新出现的问题。该研究提供了在三个商业化的现场废水处理设施（OWTF）中对具有多种物理和化学性质的微污染物的去除效率的知识，该设施对从德国Bildchen的2500人当量收集的进水废水进行了测试。从理论上讲，更长的水力停留时间有望产生积极作用，并且本研究在自然条件下的全面可比试验中给出了三种不同的OWTF的结果。分析了24种不同的药物，5种酚和3种激素。为了确定去除效率，进行了流量比例连续采样。在包括的32种物质中，检测到废水中有28种物质。在所有设施中，辛伐他汀，雌酮，雌二醇和乙炔雌二醇的平均出水浓度均高于对药理作用的指示性临界效应浓度。双氯芬酸和雌二醇的平均废水浓度均高于瑞典适用的环境质量标准（分别为190-240倍和9-35倍）。logK高的物质对微污染物的去除效率高 雌二醇和乙炔雌二醇均高于所有设施中对鱼类的药理作用的指示性临界效应浓度。双氯芬酸和雌二醇的平均废水浓度均高于瑞典适用的环境质量标准（分别为190-240倍和9-35倍）。logK高的物质对微污染物的去除效率高 雌二醇和乙炔雌二醇均高于所有设施中对鱼类的药理作用的指示性临界效应浓度。双氯芬酸和雌二醇的平均废水浓度均高于瑞典适用的环境质量标准（分别为190-240倍和9-35倍）。logK高的物质对微污染物的去除效率高_ow，可增强污泥的吸附和去除能力。观察到低的logK物质去除低_流量和酸性特性，以及用于与稳定的化学结构的元素的物质。与使用滴滤池处理技术的设施相比，使用活性污泥工艺的设施可更有效地去除激素。此外，更长的水力停留时间增加了药物，激素，浊度和总氮的去除。咖啡因，布洛芬，雌酮，萘普生和雌二醇的去除与污泥和颗粒的去除密切相关。因此，可以通过调整技术方法并增加水力停留时间来提高被测OWTF的效率。