To fully realize the commercial viability of Pt in fuel cells, the usage of scarce Pt must be reduced while the activity and durability in O₂ reduction reaction (ORR) must be enhanced. Here we report a metallic stack design achieving these goals for ORR, based on atomically precise materials synthesis. Au@Pd@Pt nanostructures with atomically thin Pt shells and high-index surfaces form an excellent platform for integrating the effects of electronic structures, surface facets, and substrate stabilization to boost ORR performance. Au@Pd@Pt trisoctahedrons (TOH) achieve mass activity 6.1 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C and dramatically enhanced durability beyond 1.0 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode in oxidation potential. Meanwhile, Pt comprises only 3.2% of the nanostructures. To further improve the ORR activity and demonstrate the versatility of our strategy, we implement the same design in PtNi alloy electrocatalysts. The Au@Pd@PtNi TOHs exhibit mass activity 14.3 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C as well as excellent durability. This work demonstrates an alternative strategy for fabricating high-performance and low-cost catalysts, and highlights the importance of simultaneous surface and interfacial engineering with atomic precision in designing catalysts.

中文翻译：

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通过整合表面刻面，界面电子和衬底稳定化作用，增强了原子薄的基于Pt的纳米壳上的O 2还原

为了充分实现Pt在燃料电池中的商业可行性，必须减少稀有Pt的使用，同时在O _2中的活性和耐久性还原反应（ORR）必须增强。在这里，我们报告了一种基于原子精确材料合成的，达到ORR这些目标的金属堆叠设计。具有原子薄的Pt壳和高折射率表面的Au @ Pd @ Pt纳米结构形成了一个极好的平台，用于整合电子结构，表面刻面和衬底稳定性的影响，以提高ORR性能。与可逆氢电极相比，Au @ Pd @ Pt三八面体（TOH）的质量活性是市售Pt / C的6.1倍，并且耐久性大大超过1.0V。同时，Pt仅占纳米结构的3.2％。为了进一步提高ORR活性并证明我们策略的多功能性，我们在PtNi合金电催化剂中实施了相同的设计。Au @ Pd @ PtNi TOHs表现出群众活动14。是市售Pt / C的3倍，并且具有出色的耐久性。这项工作演示了制造高性能和低成本催化剂的替代策略，并强调了在设计催化剂时以原子精度同时进行表面和界面工程的重要性。