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Influence of compost and biochar on microbial communities and the sorption/degradation of PAHs and NSO-substituted PAHs in contaminated soils
Journal of Hazardous Materials ( IF 13.6 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.010
Gabriel Sigmund , Caroline Poyntner , Guadalupe Piñar , Melanie Kah , Thilo Hofmann

Diffusely contaminated soils often remain untreated as classical remediation approaches would be disproportionately expensive. Adding compost can accelerate the biodegradation of organic contaminants and adding biochar can immobilize contaminants through sorption. The combined use of compost and biochar to reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and NSO-substituted PAH contamination has, however, not previously been systematically investigated. We have therefore investigated the processes involved (i) through sorption batch experiments, (ii) by monitoring changes in bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and (iii) through degradation experiments with fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, and dibenzofuran. Sorption coefficients for organic contaminants in soils increased tenfold following 10% compost addition and up to a hundredfold with further addition of 5% biochar. The rate of PAH and NSO-PAH degradation increased up to twofold following compost addition despite increased sorption, probably due to the introduction of additional microbial species into the autochthonous soil communities. In contrast, degradation of PAHs and NSO-PAHs in soil-compost-biochar mixtures slowed down up to tenfold due to the additional sorption, although some degradation still occurred. The combined use of biochar and compost may therefore provide a strategy for immobilizing PAHs and NSO-PAHs and facilitating degradation of remaining accessible contaminant fractions.



中文翻译:

堆肥和生物炭对微生物群落以及污染土壤中PAHs和NSO取代的PAHs吸附/降解的影响

由于经典修复方法的成本过高,因此经常会对未经处理的受污染严重的土壤进行处理。添加堆肥可以加速有机污染物的生物降解,而添加生物炭可以通过吸附固定污染物。堆肥和生物炭联合使用以减少多环芳烃(PAH)和NSO取代的PAH污染,但是,以前尚未进行过系统的研究。因此,我们研究了以下过程:(i)通过分批吸附实验,(ii)使用变性梯度凝胶电泳监测细菌,真菌和古细菌群落的变化,以及(iii)通过芴,菲,pyr,咔唑的降解实验,二苯并噻吩和二苯并呋喃。添加10%的堆肥后,土壤中有机污染物的吸附系数增加了十倍,而添加5%的生物炭则增加了一百倍。尽管增加了吸附量,但添加堆肥后,PAH和NSO-PAH的降解率增加了两倍,这可能是由于在自生土壤群落中引入了其他微生物。相反,由于额外的吸附作用,土壤-堆肥-生物炭混合物中PAHs和NSO-PAHs的降解减慢了十倍,尽管仍然发生了一些降解。因此,生物炭和堆肥的结合使用可以提供一种固定多环芳烃和NSO-多环芳烃并促进降解其余可及污染物部分的策略。尽管增加了吸附量,但添加堆肥后,PAH和NSO-PAH的降解率增加了两倍,这可能是由于在自生土壤群落中引入了其他微生物。相反,由于额外的吸附作用,土壤-堆肥-生物炭混合物中PAHs和NSO-PAHs的降解减慢了十倍,尽管仍然发生了一些降解。因此,生物炭和堆肥的结合使用可以提供一种固定多环芳烃和NSO-多环芳烃并促进降解其余可及污染物部分的策略。尽管增加了吸附量,但添加堆肥后,PAH和NSO-PAH的降解率增加了两倍,这可能是由于在自生土壤群落中引入了其他微生物。相反,由于额外的吸附作用,土壤-堆肥-生物炭混合物中PAHs和NSO-PAHs的降解减慢了十倍,尽管仍然发生了一些降解。因此,生物炭和堆肥的结合使用可以提供一种固定多环芳烃和NSO-多环芳烃并促进降解其余可及污染物部分的策略。由于额外的吸附作用,土壤-堆肥-生物炭混合物中PAHs和NSO-PAHs的降解减慢了十倍,尽管仍然发生了一些降解。因此,生物炭和堆肥的结合使用可以提供一种固定多环芳烃和NSO-多环芳烃并促进降解其余可及污染物部分的策略。由于额外的吸附作用,土壤-堆肥-生物炭混合物中PAHs和NSO-PAHs的降解减慢了十倍,尽管仍然发生了一些降解。因此,生物炭和堆肥的组合使用可以提供一种固定多环芳烃和NSO-多环芳烃并促进剩余可及污染物部分降解的策略。

更新日期:2017-11-10
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