To address gaps in evidence on the risk of cancer in people from sexual minorities.

We used data from 796,594 population-based English General Practice Patient Survey responders to explore the prevalence of self-reported diagnoses of cancer in the last 5 years among sexual minorities compared with heterosexual women and men. We analyzed data from 249,010 hospital-based English Cancer Patient Experience Survey responders with sexual orientation as a binary outcome, and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth, Revision, diagnosis as covariate—38 different common and rarer cancers, with breast and prostate cancer as baseline categories for women and men, respectively—to examine whether people from sexual minorities are over- or under-represented among different cancer sites. For both analyses, we used logistic regression, stratified by sex and adjusted for age.

A diagnosis of cancer in the past 5 years was more commonly reported by male General Practice Patient Survey responders who endorsed gay or bisexual orientation compared with heterosexual men (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.49; P < .001) without evidence of a difference between lesbian or bisexual compared with heterosexual women (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.37; P = .19). For most common and rarer cancer sites (30 of 33 in women, 28 of 32 in men), the odds of specific cancer site diagnosis among Cancer Patient Experience Survey respondents seemed to be independent of sexual orientation; however, there were notable differences in infection-related (HIV and human papillomavirus [HPV]) cancers. Gay or bisexual men were over-represented among men with Kaposi’s sarcoma (OR, 48.2; 95% CI, 22.0 to 105.6), anal (OR, 15.5; 95% CI, 11.0 to 21.9), and penile cancer (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.9 to 3.7). Lesbian or bisexual women were over-represented among women with oropharyngeal cancer (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.7 to 6.0).

Large-scale evidence indicates that the distribution of cancer sites does not vary substantially by sexual orientation, with the exception of some HPV- and HIV-associated cancers. These findings highlight the importance of HPV vaccination in heterosexual and sexual minority populations.

解决性少数人群癌症风险的证据空白。

我们使用了来自796,594位以英语为基础的英国全科患者调查的响应者的数据，探讨了过去5年中与异性恋女性和男性相比，自我报告的癌症少数人群的患病率。我们分析了来自249,010位以医院为基础的英国癌症患者体验调查响应者的数据，其中性取向为二元结果，国际疾病分类（第十，修订，诊断为协变量）-以乳腺癌和前列腺癌为基线的38种常见和罕见癌症分别针对女性和男性进行分类，以检查来自不同性别人群的人数在不同癌症部位之间的代表人数是否过多。对于这两种分析，我们使用逻辑回归，按性别分层并根据年龄进行了调整。

与异性恋男性相比，男性同志或双性恋倾向的男性一般实践患者调查应答者更常报告过去5年的癌症诊断（几率[OR]为1.31； 95％CI为1.15至1.49；P <。 001），没有证据表明女同性恋者或双性恋者与异性恋女性之间存在差异（OR，1.14； 95％CI，0.94至1.37；P= .19）。对于最常见和较罕见的癌症部位（女性中33个中的30个，男性中32个中的28个），《癌症患者经验调查》受访者对特定癌症部位进行诊断的几率似乎与性取向无关。但是，与感染相关的癌症（HIV和人类乳头瘤病毒[HPV]）的癌症存在显着差异。男同性恋者或双性恋者在卡波西肉瘤（OR，48.2; 95％CI，22.0至105.6），肛门（OR，15.5; 95％CI，11.0至21.9）和阴茎癌（OR，1.8; 95％CI，0.9至3.7）。女同性恋或双性恋女性在口咽癌女性中的比例过高（OR为3.2； 95％CI为1.7至6.0）。

大量证据表明，除了一些与HPV和HIV相关的癌症外，癌症部位的分布不会因性取向而显着变化。这些发现凸显了HPV疫苗接种在异性恋和性少数人群中的重要性。