Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) ranks as one of our most important staple crops. However, its hexaploid nature has complicated our understanding of the genetic bases underlying many of its traits. Historically, functional genetic studies in wheat have focused on identifying natural variations and have contributed to assembling and enriching its genetic stock. Recently, mold-breaking advances in whole genome sequencing, exome-capture based mutant libraries, and genome editing have revolutionized strategies for genetic research in wheat. We review new trends in wheat functional genetic studies along with germplasm conservation and innovation, including the relevance of genetic stocks, and the application of sequencing-based mutagenesis and genome editing. We also highlight the potential of multiplex genome editing toolkits in addressing species-specific challenges in wheat.

面包小麦（小麦）被列为我们最重要的主食作物之一。然而，它的六倍体性质使我们对其许多特征的遗传基础的理解变得复杂。从历史上看，小麦的功能遗传研究一直专注于识别自然变异，并有助于组装和丰富其遗传资源。最近，全基因组测序，基于外显子组捕获的突变体文库和基因组编辑方面的突破性进展，彻底改变了小麦基因研究的策略。我们回顾了小麦功能遗传学研究的新趋势以及种质保护和创新，包括遗传资源的相关性以及基于序列的诱变和基因组编辑的应用。我们还强调了多重基因组编辑工具包在解决小麦物种特定挑战方面的潜力。