The development of the ocular vasculatures is perfectly synchronized to provide the nutritional and oxygen requirements of the forming human eye. The fetal vasculature of vitreous, which includes the hyaloid vasculature, vasa hyaloidea propria, and tunica vasculosa lentis, initially develops around 4–6 weeks gestation (WG) by hemo-vasculogenesis (development of blood and blood vessels from a common progenitor, the hemangioblast). This transient fetal vasculature expands around 12 WG by angiogenesis (budding from primordial vessels) and remains until a retinal vasculature begins to form. The fetal vasculature then regresses by apoptosis with the assistance of macrophages/hyalocytes. The human choroidal vasculature also forms by a similar process and will supply nutrients and oxygen to outer retina. This lobular vasculature develops in a dense collagenous tissue juxtaposed with a cell constitutively producing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the retinal pigment epithelium. This epithelial/endothelial relationship is critical in maintaining the function of this vasculature throughout life and maintaining it's fenestrated state. The lobular capillary system (choriocapillaris) develops first by hemo-vasculogenesis and then the intermediate choroidal blood vessels form by angiogenesis, budding from the choriocapillaris. The human retinal vasculature is the last to develop. It develops by vasculogenesis, assembly of CXCR4⁺/CD39⁺ angioblasts or vascular progenitors perhaps using Muller cell Notch1 or axonal neuropilinin-1 for guidance of semaphorin 3A-expressing angioblasts. The fovea never develops a retinal vasculature, which is probably due to the foveal avascular zone area of retina expressing high levels of antiangiogenic factors. From these studies, it is apparent that development of the mouse ocular vasculatures is not representative of the development of the human fetal, choroidal and retinal vasculatures.

眼脉管系统的发育完全同步，以提供正在形成的人眼的营养和氧气需求。胎儿玻璃体脉管系统，包括玻璃体脉管系统、玻璃体固有血管和晶状体血管，最初在妊娠 4-6 周 (WG) 左右通过血液血管生成（来自共同祖细胞——成血管细胞的血液和血管发育）而发育。 ）。这种短暂的胎儿脉管系统通过血管生成（从原始血管出芽）扩张约 12 WG，并一直保持到视网膜脉管系统开始形成。然后胎儿脉管系统在巨噬细胞/透明细胞的帮助下通过细胞凋亡而退化。人类脉络膜脉管系统也通过类似的过程形成，并向外视网膜提供营养和氧气。这种小叶脉管系统在致密的胶原组织中发育，并与持续产生血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的细胞（视网膜色素上皮）并置。这种上皮/内皮关系对于维持该脉管系统的终生功能和维持其开窗状态至关重要。小叶毛细血管系统（脉络膜毛细血管）首先通过血液血管发生发育，然后通过血管发生形成中间脉络膜血管，从脉络膜毛细血管出芽。人类视网膜血管系统是最后发育的。它通过血管发生、CXCR4 ⁺ /CD39 ⁺成血管细胞或血管祖细胞的组装而发展，可能使用 Muller 细胞 Notch1 或轴突神经毡蛋白-1 来指导表达信号蛋白 3A 的成血管细胞。中央凹从未形成视网膜脉管系统，这可能是由于视网膜的中央凹无血管区区域表达高水平的抗血管生成因子。 从这些研究中可以明显看出，小鼠眼脉管系统的发育并不代表人类胎儿、脉络膜和视网膜脉管系统的发育。