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Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of data from four clinical studies
The Lancet Neurology ( IF 46.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30282-x
Pei-Ran Ho , Harold Koendgen , Nolan Campbell , Bill Haddock , Sandra Richman , Ih Chang

BACKGROUND Previous estimates of risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving natalizumab were stratified by three risk factors: anti-John Cunningham virus (JCV) antibodies in serum, previous immunosuppressant use, and treatment duration, which were estimated using population-based assumptions. We aimed to calculate PML risk estimates from patient-level risk-factor data and to stratify risk by concentrations of anti-JCV antibody in serum (anti-JCV antibody index). METHODS Data on natalizumab-treated patients were pooled from four large, observational, open-label studies: STRATIFY-2, STRATA, TOP, and TYGRIS. Data were analysed with and without imputation for missing values of anti-JCV antibody status and previous immunosuppressant use. For anti-JCV antibody-positive patients in this pooled cohort, cumulative PML risk with or without previous immunosuppressant use was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Annual PML risks (per 12 natalizumab infusions) for patients without PML in the preceding year were estimated using conditional probability based on the life table method. For anti-JCV antibody-positive patients without previous immunosuppressant use, risk estimates were further stratified using a probability distribution for anti-JCV antibody index values, separately for patients with or without PML. Anti-JCV antibody index cutoffs were selected via sensitivity and specificity assessments for identifying PML cases in an index cohort. FINDINGS 156 (<1%) of 37 249 patients in the pooled cohort had PML. We imputed missing values on anti-JCV antibody status (3912 patients) and on previous immunosuppresant use (544 patients) using a multiple imputation method. For anti-JCV antibody-negative patients (n=13 996), estimated PML risk was less than 0·07 per 1000 patients (95% CI 0·00-0·40). In anti-JCV antibody-positive patients (n=21 696), estimated cumulative PML probability over 6 years (72 infusions of natalizumab) was 2·7% (95% CI 1·8-4·0) in patients with previous immunosuppressant use and 1·7% (1·4-2·1) in those without. In patients without previous immunosuppressant use (n=18 616), estimated annual PML risks per 1000 patients, conditional on having no PML before that year, ranged from 0·01 (0·00-0·03) in year 1 (1-12 infusions) to 0·6 (0·0-1·5) in year 6 (61-72 infusions) for people with an index of 0·9 or less; from 0·1 (0·0-0·2) in year 1 to 3·0 (0·2-5·8) in year 6 for those with an index of more than 0·9 up to and including 1·5; and from 0·2 (0·0-0·5) in year 1 to 10·0 (5·6-14·4) in year 6 for those with an index of more than 1·5. INTERPRETATION Our risk estimates calculated from patient-level clinical data allow individualised annual prediction of risk of PML in patients receiving natalizumab for multiple sclerosis, supporting yearly benefit-risk re-evaluation in clinical practice. Further, our estimates are generally consistent with previously calculated estimates. Incorporating anti-JCV antibody index allows further risk stratification for anti-JCV antibody-positive patients who have not previously taken immunosuppressants. FUNDING Biogen.

中文翻译:

多发性硬化患者发生那他珠单抗相关进行性多灶性白质脑病的风险:对四项临床研究数据的回顾性分析

背景 先前对接受那他珠单抗治疗的多发性硬化症患者进行性多灶性白质脑病 (PML) 风险的评估按三个风险因素进行分层:血清中的抗约翰坎宁安病毒 (JCV) 抗体、既往使用免疫抑制剂和治疗持续时间,这些因素是使用基于人口的假设。我们旨在根据患者水平的风险因素数据计算 PML 风险估计值,并通过血清中抗 JCV 抗体的浓度(抗 JCV 抗体指数)对风险进行分层。方法 从四项大型观察性开放标签研究中汇总了那他珠单抗治疗患者的数据:STRATIFY-2、STRATA、TOP 和 TYGRIS。针对抗 JCV 抗体状态和先前免疫抑制剂使用的缺失值,对数据进行了插补和不插补分析。对于该合并队列中的抗 JCV 抗体阳性患者,使用 Kaplan-Meier 分析估计先前使用或不使用免疫抑制剂的累积 PML 风险。使用基于生命表方法的条件概率估计前一年无 PML 患者的年度 PML 风险(每 12 次那他珠单抗输注)。对于既往未使用免疫抑制剂的抗 JCV 抗体阳性患者,使用抗 JCV 抗体指数值的概率分布进一步对风险估计进行分层,分别针对有或没有 PML 的患者。通过敏感性和特异性评估选择抗 JCV 抗体指数临界值,以识别指数队列中的 PML 病例。结果 合并队列中的 37249 名患者中有 156 名 (<1%) 患有 PML。我们使用多重插补方法对抗 JCV 抗体状态(3912 名患者)和先前使用免疫抑制剂(544 名患者)的缺失值进行了插补。对于抗 JCV 抗体阴性患者 (n=13 996),估计 PML 风险低于每 1000 名患者 0·07 (95% CI 0·00-0·40)。在抗 JCV 抗体阳性患者 (n=21 696) 中,先前使用免疫抑制剂的患者 6 年内(72 次那他珠单抗输注)的估计累积 PML 概率为 2·7%(95% CI 1·8-4·0)使用和 1·7% (1·4-2·1) 在那些没有。在之前未使用免疫抑制剂的患者 (n=18 616) 中,估计每年每 1000 名患者的 PML 风险,条件是在那一年之前没有 PML,范围为第 1 年的 0·01 (0·00-0·03) (1- 12 次输注)至第 6 年(61-72 次输注)至 0·6(0·0-1·5),对于指数为 0·9 或更低的人;从第一年的0·1(0·0-0·2)到第六年的3·0(0·2-5·8)对于指数大于0·9至1·5的人; 指数大于1·5的,从第1年的0·2(0·0-0·5)到第6年的10·0(5·6-14·4)。解释 我们根据患者级别的临床数据计算得出的风险估计允许对接受那他珠单抗治疗多发性硬化症的患者进行年度 PML 风险的个性化预测,从而支持临床实践中的年度收益-风险重新评估。此外,我们的估计与先前计算的估计大体一致。结合抗 JCV 抗体指数可以对以前未服用免疫抑制剂的抗 JCV 抗体阳性患者进行进一步的风险分层。资助百健。指数大于1·5的,从第1年的0·2(0·0-0·5)到第6年的10·0(5·6-14·4)。解释 我们根据患者级别的临床数据计算得出的风险估计允许对接受那他珠单抗治疗多发性硬化症的患者进行年度 PML 风险的个性化预测,从而支持临床实践中的年度收益-风险重新评估。此外,我们的估计与先前计算的估计大体一致。结合抗 JCV 抗体指数可以对以前未服用免疫抑制剂的抗 JCV 抗体阳性患者进行进一步的风险分层。资助百健。指数大于1·5的,从第1年的0·2(0·0-0·5)到第6年的10·0(5·6-14·4)。解释 我们根据患者级别的临床数据计算得出的风险估计允许对接受那他珠单抗治疗多发性硬化症的患者进行年度 PML 风险的个性化预测,从而支持临床实践中的年度收益-风险重新评估。此外,我们的估计与先前计算的估计基本一致。结合抗 JCV 抗体指数可以对以前未服用免疫抑制剂的抗 JCV 抗体阳性患者进行进一步的风险分层。资助百健。解释 我们根据患者级别的临床数据计算得出的风险估计允许对接受那他珠单抗治疗多发性硬化症的患者进行年度 PML 风险的个性化预测,从而支持临床实践中的年度收益-风险重新评估。此外,我们的估计与先前计算的估计大体一致。结合抗 JCV 抗体指数可以对以前未服用免疫抑制剂的抗 JCV 抗体阳性患者进行进一步的风险分层。资助百健。解释 我们根据患者级别的临床数据计算得出的风险估计允许对接受那他珠单抗治疗多发性硬化症的患者进行年度 PML 风险的个性化预测,从而支持临床实践中的年度收益-风险重新评估。此外,我们的估计与先前计算的估计大体一致。结合抗 JCV 抗体指数可以对以前未服用免疫抑制剂的抗 JCV 抗体阳性患者进行进一步的风险分层。资助百健。结合抗 JCV 抗体指数可以对以前未服用免疫抑制剂的抗 JCV 抗体阳性患者进行进一步的风险分层。资助百健。结合抗 JCV 抗体指数可以对以前未服用免疫抑制剂的抗 JCV 抗体阳性患者进行进一步的风险分层。资助百健。
更新日期:2017-11-01
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