Graphene oxide (GO) is an emergent engineered nanomaterial that shows great potential for use in agricultural applications, such as promoting crop production and controlling insect pests. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed and can enter crops via contaminated water, soil and air. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the potential risks of the co-exposure of crops, such as rice, to GO and PAHs. However, information regarding the effects of GO on PAH toxicity and the specific molecular responses to GO is lacking. The present work revealed that GO significantly enhanced the accumulation of PAHs by 26.4–92.5% in rice and that PAH accumulation was also influenced by temperature and glycerol. GO further promoted increased aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and cytochrome P450 levels, which are induced by PAHs. The altered proteins, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), aquaporins and those involved in ATP synthesis, were mainly associated with oxidative stress and transmembrane transport. Amino acid metabolism was the primary metabolic pathway influenced by GO and PAHs. Arabinose and pentanoic acid were positively associated with the uptake of PAHs and oxidative stress, respectively, during co-exposure to GO. The abovementioned results highlight the potential risks and specific molecular mechanisms of emergent engineered nanomaterials during co-exposure with traditional organic pollutants.

中文翻译：

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结合蛋白质组学，代谢组学和典型分析，研究氧化石墨烯和多环芳烃的吸收和氧化应激†

氧化石墨烯（GO）是一种新兴的工程纳米材料，在农业应用中显示出巨大的潜力，例如促进作物生产和控制害虫。多环芳烃（PAHs）分布广泛，可以通过以下途径进入农作物受污染的水，土壤和空气。因此，至关重要的是要了解将谷物（例如水稻）与GO和PAHs共同暴露的潜在风险。但是，缺乏有关GO对PAH毒性的影响以及对GO的特定分子反应的信息。目前的工作表明，GO显着提高了水稻中PAHs的积累26.4–92.5％，并且PAH的积累还受到温度和甘油的影响。GO进一步促进了PAHs诱导的芳基烃受体（AhR）和细胞色素P450水平升高。改变的蛋白质，包括抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX），水通道蛋白和参与ATP合成的蛋白质，主要与氧化应激和跨膜转运有关。氨基酸代谢是受GO和PAHs影响的主要代谢途径。共同暴露于GO期间，阿拉伯糖和戊酸分别与PAHs的摄取和氧化应激呈正相关。上述结果突出了与传统有机污染物共同暴露过程中，新兴工程纳米材料的潜在风险和特定分子机理。