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Quantifying O3 Impacts in Urban Areas Due to Wildfires Using a Generalized Additive Model
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-07 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03130
Xi Gong 1, 2 , Aaron Kaulfus 3 , Udaysankar Nair 3 , Daniel A. Jaffe 2, 4
Affiliation  

Wildfires emit O3 precursors but there are large variations in emissions, plume heights, and photochemical processing. These factors make it challenging to model O3 production from wildfires using Eulerian models. Here we describe a statistical approach to characterize the maximum daily 8-h average O3 (MDA8) for 8 cities in the U.S. for typical, nonfire, conditions. The statistical model represents between 35% and 81% of the variance in MDA8 for each city. We then examine the residual from the model under conditions with elevated particulate matter (PM) and satellite observed smoke (“smoke days”). For these days, the residuals are elevated by an average of 3–8 ppb (MDA8) compared to nonsmoke days. We found that while smoke days are only 4.1% of all days (May–Sept) they are 19% of days with an MDA8 greater than 75 ppb. We also show that a published method that does not account for transport patterns gives rise to large overestimates in the amount of O3 from fires, particularly for coastal cities. Finally, we apply this method to a case study from August 2015, and show that the method gives results that are directly applicable to the EPA guidance on excluding data due to an uncontrollable source.

中文翻译:

使用广义加性模型量化野火对城市地区O 3的影响

野火会排放O 3前体,但排放,羽流高度和光化学处理之间会有很大差异。这些因素使得使用欧拉模型对野火产生的O 3进行建模具有挑战性。在这里,我们描述了一种统计方法来表征最大的每日8小时平均O 3(MDA8)适用于美国8个城市的典型非火灾情况。统计模型代表每个城市MDA8差异的35%至81%。然后,我们在颗粒物含量较高(PM)和卫星观测到的烟雾(“烟天”)的条件下检查模型的残差。与无烟日相比,这些天的残留物平均增加了3–8 ppb(MDA8)。我们发现,虽然抽烟日仅占全天(5月至9月)的4.1%,但其占MDA8大于75 ppb的日为19%。我们还表明,不考虑传输模式的已发布方法会导致O 3量的高估。火灾引起的,尤其是沿海城市。最后,我们将此方法应用于2015年8月以来的案例研究,并表明该方法得出的结果可直接适用于EPA指南,因为数据来源不可控,排除了数据。
更新日期:2017-11-08
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