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On-chip polyelectrolyte coating onto magnetic droplets – towards continuous flow assembly of drug delivery capsules
Lab on a Chip ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-02 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00918f Ali Q. Alorabi 1, 2, 3, 4 , Mark D. Tarn 1, 2, 3, 4 , Jenifer Gómez-Pastora 5, 6, 7, 8 , Eugenio Bringas 5, 6, 7, 8 , Inmaculada Ortiz 5, 6, 7, 8 , Vesselin N. Paunov 1, 2, 3, 4 , Nicole Pamme 1, 2, 3, 4
Lab on a Chip ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-02 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00918f Ali Q. Alorabi 1, 2, 3, 4 , Mark D. Tarn 1, 2, 3, 4 , Jenifer Gómez-Pastora 5, 6, 7, 8 , Eugenio Bringas 5, 6, 7, 8 , Inmaculada Ortiz 5, 6, 7, 8 , Vesselin N. Paunov 1, 2, 3, 4 , Nicole Pamme 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation
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Polyelectrolyte (PE) microcapsules for drug delivery are typically fabricated via layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of PE layers of alternating charge on sacrificial template microparticles, which usually requires multiple incubation and washing steps that render the process repetitive and time-consuming. Here, ferrofluid droplets were explored for this purpose as an elegant alternative of templates that can be easily manipulated via an external magnetic field, and require only a simple microfluidic chip design and setup. Glass microfluidic devices featuring T-junctions or flow focusing junctions for the generation of oil-based ferrofluid droplets in an aqueous continuous phase were investigated. Droplet size was controlled by the microfluidic channel dimensions as well as the flow rates of the ferrofluid and aqueous phases. The generated droplets were stabilised by a surface active polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and then guided into a chamber featuring alternating, co-laminar PE solutions and wash streams, and deflected across them by means of an external permanent magnet. The extent of droplet deflection was tailored by the flow rates, the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles in the droplets, and the magnetic field strength. PVP-coated ferrofluid droplets were deflected through solutions of polyelectrolyte and washing streams using several iterations of multilaminar flow designs. This culminated in an innovative “Snakes-and-Ladders” inspired microfluidic chip design that overcame various issues of the previous iterations for the deposition of layers of anionic poly(sodium-4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and cationic poly(fluorescein isothiocyanate allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH-FITC) onto the droplets. The presented method demonstrates a simple and rapid process for PE layer deposition in <30 seconds, and opens the way towards rapid layer-by-layer assembly of PE microcapsules for drug delivery applications.
中文翻译：
片状聚电解质涂层在磁性液滴上–连续流动以组装药物输送胶囊
用于药物递送的聚电解质（PE）微胶囊通常是通过在牺牲模板微粒上逐层沉积交替电荷的PE层（LbL）来制造的，这通常需要多个温育和洗涤步骤，这使得该过程重复且耗时。在这里，为此目的探索了铁磁流体滴，作为模板的一种优雅替代方案，可以通过以下方式轻松地对其进行操作：外部磁场，只需要简单的微流控芯片设计和设置。研究了具有T形结或流动聚焦结的玻璃微流体装置，用于在水性连续相中生成油基铁磁流体小滴。液滴尺寸由微流体通道尺寸以及铁磁流体相和水相的流速控制。产生的液滴通过表面活性聚合物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）稳定，然后被引导进入具有交替共层PE溶液和洗涤液流的腔室，并通过外部永磁体在其上偏转。液滴偏转的程度通过流速，液滴中磁性纳米颗粒的浓度和磁场强度来调整。使用多层流设计的多次迭代，将PVP涂层的铁磁流体液滴通过聚电解质溶液和洗涤液流偏转。最终以创新的“蛇和梯子”启发式微流控芯片设计克服了先前迭代中阴离子聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸钠）（PSS）和阳离子聚（荧光素异硫氰酸酯）烯丙胺层沉积的各种问题盐酸（PAH-FITC）滴到液滴上。提出的方法演示了在不到30秒的时间内即可快速沉积PE层的简单方法，并开辟了向PE微胶囊快速逐层组装药物输送应用的途径。最终以创新的“蛇和梯子”启发式微流控芯片设计克服了先前迭代中阴离子聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸钠）（PSS）和阳离子聚（荧光素异硫氰酸酯）烯丙胺层沉积的各种问题盐酸（PAH-FITC）滴到液滴上。提出的方法演示了在不到30秒的时间内即可快速沉积PE层的简单方法，并开辟了向PE微胶囊快速逐层组装药物输送应用的途径。最终以创新的“蛇和梯子”启发式微流控芯片设计克服了先前迭代中阴离子聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸钠）（PSS）和阳离子聚（荧光素异硫氰酸酯）烯丙胺层沉积的各种问题盐酸（PAH-FITC）滴到液滴上。提出的方法演示了在不到30秒的时间内即可快速沉积PE层的简单方法，并开辟了向PE微胶囊快速逐层组装药物输送应用的途径。
更新日期：2017-11-07
中文翻译：
片状聚电解质涂层在磁性液滴上–连续流动以组装药物输送胶囊
用于药物递送的聚电解质（PE）微胶囊通常是通过在牺牲模板微粒上逐层沉积交替电荷的PE层（LbL）来制造的，这通常需要多个温育和洗涤步骤，这使得该过程重复且耗时。在这里，为此目的探索了铁磁流体滴，作为模板的一种优雅替代方案，可以通过以下方式轻松地对其进行操作：外部磁场，只需要简单的微流控芯片设计和设置。研究了具有T形结或流动聚焦结的玻璃微流体装置，用于在水性连续相中生成油基铁磁流体小滴。液滴尺寸由微流体通道尺寸以及铁磁流体相和水相的流速控制。产生的液滴通过表面活性聚合物聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）稳定，然后被引导进入具有交替共层PE溶液和洗涤液流的腔室，并通过外部永磁体在其上偏转。液滴偏转的程度通过流速，液滴中磁性纳米颗粒的浓度和磁场强度来调整。使用多层流设计的多次迭代，将PVP涂层的铁磁流体液滴通过聚电解质溶液和洗涤液流偏转。最终以创新的“蛇和梯子”启发式微流控芯片设计克服了先前迭代中阴离子聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸钠）（PSS）和阳离子聚（荧光素异硫氰酸酯）烯丙胺层沉积的各种问题盐酸（PAH-FITC）滴到液滴上。提出的方法演示了在不到30秒的时间内即可快速沉积PE层的简单方法，并开辟了向PE微胶囊快速逐层组装药物输送应用的途径。最终以创新的“蛇和梯子”启发式微流控芯片设计克服了先前迭代中阴离子聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸钠）（PSS）和阳离子聚（荧光素异硫氰酸酯）烯丙胺层沉积的各种问题盐酸（PAH-FITC）滴到液滴上。提出的方法演示了在不到30秒的时间内即可快速沉积PE层的简单方法，并开辟了向PE微胶囊快速逐层组装药物输送应用的途径。最终以创新的“蛇和梯子”启发式微流控芯片设计克服了先前迭代中阴离子聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸钠）（PSS）和阳离子聚（荧光素异硫氰酸酯）烯丙胺层沉积的各种问题盐酸（PAH-FITC）滴到液滴上。提出的方法演示了在不到30秒的时间内即可快速沉积PE层的简单方法，并开辟了向PE微胶囊快速逐层组装药物输送应用的途径。
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