The urgent need for clean and renewable energy and environmental awareness have promoted extensive research into creating a future sustainable energy supply system. Water electrolysis, considered the most promising technology for hydrogen production, has attracted much attention. A series of metal–nitrogen–carbon based heterogeneous electrocatalysts have been developed for HER and OER. Recent advances in this field are summarized here, including their structures, synthetic methods and especially highlighting the applications of several major kinds of catalysts in water splitting. Finally, the existing key challenges and research directions for enhancing performance are pointed out.

中文翻译：

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金属-氮-碳催化剂用于电化学水分解的最新进展

对清洁和可再生能源的紧迫需求以及对环境的认识促进了广泛的研究，以建立未来的可持续能源供应系统。水电解被认为是最有前途的制氢技术，已经引起了广泛的关注。已经开发了用于HER和OER的一系列基于金属，氮，碳的非均相电催化剂。本文总结了该领域的最新进展，包括其结构，合成方法，并着重介绍了几种主要催化剂在水分解中的应用。最后，指出了现有的关键挑战和提高性能的研究方向。