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Engineering of inorganic nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-26 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00316a
Dalong Ni 1 , Wenbo Bu , Emily B Ehlerding , Weibo Cai , Jianlin Shi
Affiliation  

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly valuable non-invasive imaging tool owing to its exquisite soft tissue contrast, high spatial resolution, lack of ionizing radiation, and wide clinical applicability. Contrast agents (CAs) can be used to further enhance the sensitivity of MRI to obtain information-rich images. Recently, extensive research efforts have been focused on the design and synthesis of high-performance inorganic nanoparticle-based CAs to improve the quality and specificity of MRI. Herein, the basic rules, including the choice of metal ions, effect of electron motion on water relaxation, and involved mechanisms, of CAs for MRI have been elucidated in detail. In particular, various design principles, including size control, surface modification (e.g. organic ligand, silica shell, and inorganic nanolayers), and shape regulation, to impact relaxation of water molecules have been discussed in detail. Comprehensive understanding of how these factors work can guide the engineering of future inorganic nanoparticles with high relaxivity. Finally, we have summarized the currently available strategies and their mechanism for obtaining high-performance CAs and discussed the challenges and future developments of nanoparticulate CAs for clinical translation in MRI.

中文翻译:


作为磁共振成像造影剂的无机纳米颗粒工程。



磁共振成像(MRI)由于其细腻的软组织对比度、高空间分辨率、无电离辐射和广泛的临床适用性,是一种非常有价值的非侵入性成像工具。造影剂(CA)可用于进一步增强 MRI 的灵敏度,以获得信息丰富的图像。最近,广泛的研究工作集中在高性能无机纳米颗粒 CA 的设计和合成上,以提高 MRI 的质量和特异性。本文详细阐明了用于 MRI 的 CA 的基本规则,包括金属离子的选择、电子运动对水弛豫的影响以及所涉及的机制。特别是,详细讨论了影响水分子弛豫的各种设计原理,包括尺寸控制、表面改性(例如有机配体、二氧化硅壳和无机纳米层)和形状调节。全面了解这些因素如何发挥作用可以指导未来具有高弛豫性的无机纳米颗粒的工程设计。最后,我们总结了目前获得高性能 CA 的可用策略及其机制,并讨论了纳米颗粒 CA 在 MRI 临床转化中的挑战和未来发展。
更新日期:2017-10-26
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