Abstract In [1] we suggested an original Discrete Element Method that offers the capability to consider non-spherical particles of arbitrary convex shape. We elaborated on the foundations of our numerical method and validated it on assorted test cases. However, the implementation was serial and impeded to examine large systems. Here we extend our method to parallel computing using a classical domain decomposition approach and inter-domain MPI communication. The code is implemented in C++ for multi-CPU architecture. Although object-oriented C++ offers high-level programming concepts that enhance the versatility required to treat multi-shape and multi-size granular systems, particular care has to be devoted to memory management on multi-core architecture to achieve reasonable computing efficiency. The parallel performance of our code Grains3D is assessed on various granular flow configurations comprising both spherical and angular particles. We show that our parallel granular solver is able to compute systems with up to a few hundreds of millions of particles. This opens up new perspectives in the study of granular material dynamics.

中文翻译：

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Grains3D，一种适用于任意凸形状粒子的灵活 DEM 方法 - 第二部分：并行实现和可扩展性能

摘要在 [1] 中，我们提出了一种原始的离散元方法，它提供了考虑任意凸形状的非球形粒子的能力。我们详细阐述了我们的数值方法的基础，并在各种测试用例上对其进行了验证。然而，实施是连续的，并且阻碍了检查大型系统。在这里，我们使用经典的域分解方法和域间 MPI 通信将我们的方法扩展到并行计算。代码是用 C++ 实现的，用于多 CPU 架构。尽管面向对象的 C++ 提供了高级编程概念，增强了处理多形状和多尺寸粒度系统所需的多功能性，但必须特别注意多核架构上的内存管理，以实现合理的计算效率。我们的代码 Grains3D 的并行性能是在包括球形和有角颗粒的各种颗粒流配置上进行评估的。我们展示了我们的并行粒度求解器能够计算具有多达数亿个粒子的系统。这为颗粒材料动力学的研究开辟了新的视角。