In view of the prevalence, health consequences, and costs of childhood obesity, there has been substantial interest in identifying effective interventions to prevent excess weight gain in young people. In this systematic review, we expand on previous reviews of obesity prevention interventions by including recent studies (until May 23, 2017) from all parts of the world. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts, and PAIS Index and included randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, or natural experiments with: (1) a control group; (2) minimum follow-up of 12 months for community-based and home-based interventions or 6 months for school-based and preschool-based interventions; and (3) a primary outcome of BMI, BMI Z score, BMI percentile, body fat percentage, skinfold thickness, waist circumference, or prevalence of overweight or obesity. School-based interventions with combined diet and physical activity components and a home element (n=41) had greatest effectiveness; evidence in support of the effect of preschool-based (n=6), community-based (n=7), and home-based (n=2) interventions was limited by a paucity of studies and heterogeneity in study design. The effectiveness of school-based interventions that combined diet and physical activity components suggests that they hold promise for childhood obesity prevention worldwide. More research with rigorous evaluation and consistent reporting is needed in non-school settings and in combinations of settings.

中文翻译：

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预防全球儿童超重和肥胖的干预措施：系统评价。

考虑到儿童肥胖症的患病率，健康后果和代价，人们对寻找有效的干预措施以防止年轻人体重增加的兴趣很大。在这项系统的综述中，我们纳入了来自世界各地的最新研究（至2017年5月23日），从而扩展了以前对肥胖预防干预措施的评论。我们搜索了MEDLINE，Embase，CINAHL Plus，Web of Science，CAB Abstracts和PAIS索引，并纳入了以下随机对照试验，准实验研究或自然实验：（1）对照组；（2）社区和家庭干预的最低随访时间为12个月，学校和学前干预的最小随访时间为6个月；（3）BMI，BMI Z评分，BMI百分位数，体脂百分比，皮褶厚度，腰围，或超重或肥胖的患病率。结合饮食和身体活动成分以及家庭元素的学校干预措施（n = 41）效果最佳；支持学龄前（n = 6），社区（n = 7）和家庭（n = 2）干预效果的证据因缺乏研究和研究设计的异质性而受到限制。结合饮食和身体活动成分的校本干预措施的有效性表明，它们为全世界预防儿童肥胖症带来了希望。在非学校环境和环境组合中，需要进行更多具有严格评估和一致报告的研究。支持学龄前（n = 6），社区（n = 7）和家庭（n = 2）干预效果的证据因缺乏研究和研究设计的异质性而受到限制。结合饮食和身体活动成分的校本干预措施的有效性表明，它们为全世界预防儿童肥胖症带来了希望。在非学校环境和环境组合中，需要进行更多具有严格评估和一致报告的研究。支持学前教育（n = 6），社区（n = 7）和家庭（n = 2）干预效果的证据受到研究的缺乏和研究设计异质性的限制。结合饮食和身体活动成分的校本干预措施的有效性表明，它们为全世界预防儿童肥胖症带来了希望。在非学校环境和环境组合中，需要进行更多具有严格评估和一致报告的研究。