The advent of antibodies that block the immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), have dramatically changed the therapeutic paradigm for melanoma.^1-4 Ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, was the first systemic therapy to improve overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced melanoma.¹ Nivolumab and pembrolizumab, anti-PD-1 antibodies, were subsequently found to be superior to ipilimumab.^2,3 Collectively, these checkpoint inhibitors result in durable responses and are now the mainstay of advanced melanoma management.^1-4 Consistent with the immune-activating mechanism of these agents, induction of autoimmunity against multiple organ systems is common. Although these immune-related adverse events (irAEs) largely are manageable, they can be potentially life threatening.

中文翻译：

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停用伊立木单抗和Nivolumab联合治疗晚期黑色素瘤的安全性和疗效意义

阻断免疫检查点的抗体，细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA-4）和程序性细胞死亡蛋白1（PD-1）的出现极大地改变了黑素瘤的治疗范例。^1-4 Ipilimumab是一种抗CTLA-4抗体，是提高晚期黑色素瘤患者总体生存率（OS）的首个全身疗法。¹随后发现抗PD-1抗体Nivolumab和pembrolizumab优于ipilimumab。^2,3总的来说，这些检查点抑制剂可产生持久的反应，现在已成为高级黑素瘤治疗的主要手段。^1-4与这些试剂的免疫激活机制一致，针对多种器官系统的自身免疫诱导很常见。尽管这些与免疫相关的不良事件（irAE）在很大程度上是可以控制的，但它们可能会威胁生命。