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Comparison of indoor air sampling and dust collection methods for fungal exposure assessment using quantitative PCR
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-23 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7em00257b Jennie Cox 1, 2, 3 , Reshmi Indugula 1, 2, 3 , Stephen Vesper 2, 3, 4 , Zheng Zhu 1, 2, 3 , Roman Jandarov 1, 2, 3 , Tiina Reponen 1, 2, 3
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-23 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7em00257b Jennie Cox 1, 2, 3 , Reshmi Indugula 1, 2, 3 , Stephen Vesper 2, 3, 4 , Zheng Zhu 1, 2, 3 , Roman Jandarov 1, 2, 3 , Tiina Reponen 1, 2, 3
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Evaluating fungal contamination indoors is complicated because of the many different sampling methods utilized. In this study, fungal contamination was evaluated using five sampling methods and four matrices for results. The five sampling methods were a 48 hour indoor air sample collected with a Button™ inhalable aerosol sampler and four types of dust samples: a vacuumed floor dust sample, newly settled dust collected for four weeks onto two types of electrostatic dust cloths (EDCs) in trays, and a wipe sample of dust from above floor surfaces. The samples were obtained in the bedrooms of asthmatic children (n = 14). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to analyze the dust and air samples for the 36 fungal species that make up the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI). The results from the samples were compared by four matrices: total concentration of fungal cells, concentration of fungal species associated with indoor environments, concentration of fungal species associated with outdoor environments, and ERMI values (or ERMI-like values for air samples). The ERMI values for the dust samples and the ERMI-like values for the 48 hour air samples were not significantly different. The total cell concentrations of the 36 species obtained with the four dust collection methods correlated significantly (r = 0.64–0.79, p < 0.05), with the exception of the vacuumed floor dust and newly settled dust. In addition, fungal cell concentrations of indoor associated species correlated well between all four dust sampling methods (r = 0.68–0.86, p < 0.01). No correlation was found between the fungal concentrations in the air and dust samples primarily because of differences in concentrations of Cladosporium cladosporioides Type 1 and Epicoccum nigrum. A representative type of dust sample and a 48 hour air sample might both provide useful information about fungal exposures.
中文翻译：
使用定量PCR比较室内空气采样和集尘方法评估真菌暴露的能力
由于使用了许多不同的采样方法，因此在室内评估真菌污染非常复杂。在这项研究中，使用五种采样方法和四种基质评估了真菌污染的结果。这五种采样方法是使用Button™吸入式气溶胶采样器采集48小时室内空气样本和四种类型的尘埃样本：真空地板尘埃样本，新沉降的尘埃在两类静电除尘布（EDC）上收集了四个星期。托盘，并从地板表面擦拭灰尘样本。样本是在哮喘儿童的卧室（n= 14）。定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）用于分析构成环境相对霉变指数（ERMI）的36种真菌物种的灰尘和空气样品。通过四个矩阵比较了样品的结果：真菌细胞的总浓度，与室内环境相关的真菌种类的浓度，与室外环境相关的真菌种类的浓度以及ERMI值（或空气样品的ERMI样值）。灰尘样品的ERMI值和48小时空气样品的ERMI样值没有显着差异。通过四种集尘方法获得的36种物种的总细胞浓度具有显着相关性（r = 0.64–0.79，p<0.05），但吸尘地板灰尘和新沉降的灰尘除外。此外，室内所有相关物种的真菌细胞浓度在所有四种灰尘采样方法之间都具有很好的相关性（r = 0.68–0.86，p <0.01）。空气和灰尘样品中的真菌浓度之间没有相关性，这主要是由于Cladosporium cladosporioides 1型和Epicoccum nigrum的浓度差异所致。代表性的粉尘样品和48小时的空气样品都可以提供有关真菌暴露的有用信息。
更新日期：2017-10-18
中文翻译：
使用定量PCR比较室内空气采样和集尘方法评估真菌暴露的能力
由于使用了许多不同的采样方法，因此在室内评估真菌污染非常复杂。在这项研究中，使用五种采样方法和四种基质评估了真菌污染的结果。这五种采样方法是使用Button™吸入式气溶胶采样器采集48小时室内空气样本和四种类型的尘埃样本：真空地板尘埃样本，新沉降的尘埃在两类静电除尘布（EDC）上收集了四个星期。托盘，并从地板表面擦拭灰尘样本。样本是在哮喘儿童的卧室（n= 14）。定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）用于分析构成环境相对霉变指数（ERMI）的36种真菌物种的灰尘和空气样品。通过四个矩阵比较了样品的结果：真菌细胞的总浓度，与室内环境相关的真菌种类的浓度，与室外环境相关的真菌种类的浓度以及ERMI值（或空气样品的ERMI样值）。灰尘样品的ERMI值和48小时空气样品的ERMI样值没有显着差异。通过四种集尘方法获得的36种物种的总细胞浓度具有显着相关性（r = 0.64–0.79，p<0.05），但吸尘地板灰尘和新沉降的灰尘除外。此外，室内所有相关物种的真菌细胞浓度在所有四种灰尘采样方法之间都具有很好的相关性（r = 0.68–0.86，p <0.01）。空气和灰尘样品中的真菌浓度之间没有相关性，这主要是由于Cladosporium cladosporioides 1型和Epicoccum nigrum的浓度差异所致。代表性的粉尘样品和48小时的空气样品都可以提供有关真菌暴露的有用信息。
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