Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, which result in the heterogeneous phenotypes that are evident clinically, and which have potentially confounded previous HFpEF trials. A greater understanding of the in vivo human processes involved, and in particular, which are the causes and which are the downstream effects, may allow the syndrome of HFpEF to be distilled into distinct diagnoses based on the underlying biology. From this, specific interventions can follow, targeting individuals identified on the basis of their biological phenotype. This review describes the biological phenotypes of HFpEF and therapeutic interventions aimed at targeting these phenotypes.

中文翻译：

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射血分数保留的心力衰竭的生物学表型

射血分数保留型心力衰竭 (HFpEF) 涉及多种病理生理机制，导致临床上明显的异质表型，并可能混淆之前的 HFpEF 试验。对所涉及的体内人类过程有更深入的了解，特别是哪些是原因，哪些是下游影响，可能会使 HFpEF 综合征根据潜在的生物学被提炼成不同的诊断。由此，可以采取具体的干预措施，针对根据其生物学表型确定的个体。本综述描述了 HFpEF 的生物学表型和针对这些表型的治疗干预措施。