Brain injuries affect a large patient population with major physical and emotional suffering for patients and their relatives; at a significant cost to the society. Effective diagnostic and therapeutic options available for brain injuries are limited by the complex brain injury pathology involving blood–brain barrier (BBB). Brain injuries, including ischemic stroke and brain trauma, initiate BBB opening for a short period of time, which is followed by a second reopening for an extended time. The leaky BBB and/or the alterations in the receptor expression on BBB may provide opportunities for therapeutic delivery via nanoparticles (NPs). The approaches for therapeutic interventions via NP delivery are aimed at salvaging the pericontusional/penumbra area for possible neuroprotection and neurovascular unit preservation. The focus of this progress report is to provide a survey of NP strategies employed in cerebral ischemia and brain trauma and finally provide insights for improved NP‐based diagnostic/treatment approaches.

中文翻译：

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基于纳米颗粒的脑损伤疗法

脑损伤影响大量患者群体，给患者及其亲属带来严重的身体和情感痛苦；给社会带来巨大的成本。脑损伤的有效诊断和治疗方案受到涉及血脑屏障（BBB）的复杂脑损伤病理学的限制。脑损伤，包括缺血性中风和脑外伤，会在短时间内启动血脑屏障开放，然后在较长时间内第二次重新开放。血脑屏障渗漏和/或血脑屏障上受体表达的改变可能为通过纳米颗粒（NP）进行治疗提供机会。通过 NP 递送进行治疗干预的方法旨在挽救挫伤周围/半暗带区域，以实现可能的神经保护和神经血管单元保存。本进展报告的重点是对脑缺血和脑外伤中采用的 NP 策略进行调查，并最终为改进基于 NP 的诊断/治疗方法提供见解。