Poly (3-alkylthiophenes) (P3ATs) particularly poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) have vigorous tendency to crystallize into the ordered morphologies, thereby reflect the efficient electrical and optical characteristics. Here, the remarkable crystalline structures of P3ATs comprising single crystals, nanofibers, nano/microwires, nanoribbons, micelles, nanowhiskers, thin films, spherulites, etc. are thoroughly reviewed. In each category, the principle aspects like preparation methodologies (e.g., self-seeding, shearing, electrospinning, self-organization, epitaxial solidification, etc.), micro/nanostructures, orientation and optical properties are meticulously brought into consideration. Applications of the ordered P3AT structures in solar cells, organic field-effect transistors, and sensors as well as the theoretical studies are also highlighted. Furthermore, the polymorphism, sol-gel, nanoparticles, liquid crystalline morphology, and two-dimensional sheets are reviewed.

聚（3-烷基噻吩）（P3AT），特别是聚（3-己基噻吩）（P3HT）具有强烈的结晶成有序形态的趋势，从而反映出有效的电学和光学特性。在此，对P3AT的非凡的晶体结构进行了全面回顾，其中包括单晶，纳米纤维，纳米/微丝，纳米带，胶束，纳米晶须，薄膜，球晶等。在每种类别中，都认真考虑了原理方面，例如制备方法（例如，自种，剪切，静电纺丝，自组织，外延凝固等），微观/纳米结构，取向和光学性质。还着重介绍了有序P3AT结构在太阳能电池，有机场效应晶体管和传感器中的应用以及理论研究。