The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in regulating the trafficking of fluid, solutes and cells at the blood-brain interface and maintaining the homeostatic microenvironment of the CNS. Under pathological conditions, such as ischemic stroke, the BBB can be disrupted, followed by the extravasation of blood components into the brain and compromise of normal neuronal function. This article reviews recent advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke. CNS cells in the neurovascular unit, as well as blood-borne peripheral cells constantly modulate the BBB and influence its breakdown and repair after ischemic stroke. The involvement of stroke risk factors and comorbid conditions further complicate the pathogenesis of neurovascular injury by predisposing the BBB to anatomical and functional changes that can exacerbate BBB dysfunction. Emphasis is also given to the process of long-term structural and functional restoration of the BBB after ischemic injury. With the development of novel research tools, future research on the BBB is likely to reveal promising potential therapeutic targets for protecting the BBB and improving patient outcome after ischemic stroke.

血脑屏障（BBB）在调节血脑界面处的流体，溶质和细胞的运输以及维持CNS的体内平衡微环境中起着至关重要的作用。在诸如缺血性中风的病理条件下，血脑屏障可能被破坏，随后血液成分渗入大脑并损害正常的神经元功能。本文回顾了我们对缺血性卒中后血脑屏障功能障碍和恢复机制的认识的最新进展。神经血管单位中的CNS细胞以及血液传播的外周细胞不断调节BBB并影响其在缺血性中风后的分解和修复。中风危险因素和合并症的参与通过使血脑屏障易于发生可能会加剧血脑屏障功能障碍的解剖和功能改变，使神经血管损伤的发病机制进一步复杂化。还强调了缺血性损伤后血脑屏障的长期结构和功能恢复过程。随着新型研究工具的发展，有关血脑屏障的未来研究可能会揭示出有希望的潜在治疗靶标，以保护血脑屏障并改善缺血性卒中后的患者预后。