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Mercury Pollution in Amapá, Brazil: Mercury Amalgamation in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining or Land-Cover and Land-Use Changes?
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-05 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00089
Rebecca Adler Miserendino 1, 2 , Jean Remy Davée Guimarães 3 , Gary Schudel 2 , Sanghamitra Ghosh 2 , José Marcus Godoy 4 , Ellen K. Silbergeld 1 , Peter S. J. Lees 1 , Bridget A. Bergquist 2
Affiliation  

Mercury (Hg) poses a public health burden in the Amazon and worldwide. Although usually attributed to Hg used in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM), the primary source of elevated Hg in Amazonian aquatic ecosystems is contested since there have not been tools to differentiate between Hg from ASGM and Hg from other sources such as increased soil erosion associated with land-cover and land-use change. To directly assess Hg contamination from ASGM, stable Hg isotope analyses were applied to sediment cores, surface sediments, and soils from two aquatic ecosystems in Amapá, Brazil, one downstream of ASGM activities and one isolated from ASGM. Downstream of the ASGM sites, the Hg isotope data is consistent with elevated Hg coming dominantly from increased erosion of soils and not from Hg used during gold extraction. Although these two sources represent different pathways of contamination to downstream ecosystems, ASGM may contribute to both land-cover and land-use change and local contamination of soils. Accordingly, these findings demonstrate that in some regions of the Amazon effective Hg mitigation strategies need to address land-use practices in addition to ASGM.

中文翻译:

巴西阿马帕的汞污染:手工和小规模金矿开采或土地覆盖和土地利用变化中的汞融合?

汞(Hg)在亚马逊地区和全球范围内构成了公共卫生负担。虽然通常归因于手工和小规模金矿开采(ASGM)中使用的汞,但亚马逊水生生态系统中汞含量升高的主要来源仍存在争议,因为尚无工具来区分来自ASGM的汞和来自其他来源的汞,例如增加的汞。与土地覆盖和土地利用变化相关的土壤侵蚀。为了直接评估来自手工和小规模采金的汞污染,对来自巴西阿马帕的两个水生生态系统,一个位于手工和小规模采金活动下游且一个与手工和小规模采金工作隔离的沉积物核心,地表沉积物和土壤进行了稳定的汞同位素分析。在ASGM站点的下游,Hg同位素数据与升高的Hg相一致,Hg的升高主要来自土壤侵蚀的增加,而不是来自金提取过程中使用的Hg。尽管这两种污染源代表了下游生态系统污染的不同途径,但手工和小规模采金可能对土地覆被和土地利用的变化以及土壤的局部污染做出贡献。因此,这些发现表明,在亚马逊河的某些地区,除手工和小规模采金外,有效的汞减缓策略还需要解决土地使用做法。
更新日期:2017-10-05
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