Reduction rate as a quantitative knob for achieving deterministic synthesis of colloidal metal nanocrystals,Chemical Science

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Reduction rate as a quantitative knob for achieving deterministic synthesis of colloidal metal nanocrystals
Chemical Science ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-16 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02833d
Tung-Han Yang _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Kyle D. Gilroy _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Younan Xia _{1,

2,

3,

4,

6}

Affiliation

Despite the incredible developments made to the synthesis of colloidal metal nanocrystals, it is still challenging to produce them in a reproducible and predictable manner. This drawback can be attributed to the fact that the protocols continue to be built upon qualitative observations and empirical laws. Because of the vast number of intricately entangled experimental parameters in a synthesis, it is almost impossible to predict and control the outcome by knowingly alternating these parameters. In this Perspective article, we discuss the recent efforts in pushing nanocrystal synthesis towards a deterministic process based upon quantitative measurements. In particular, we focus on how the reduction rate of a salt precursor can be used as a quantitative knob for predicting and controlling the outcomes of both nucleation and growth. We begin with a brief introduction to the techniques that have been used to extract the kinetic information of a synthesis and then discuss how the reduction rate is correlated with the defect structure, shape/morphology, and elemental distribution of the resultant nanocrystals. We conclude by highlighting some of the recent advances related to in situ probing of nanocrystal synthesis, with an emphasis on the real-time, quantitative aspects with regard to both nucleation and growth.

中文翻译：

还原速率作为实现确定性合成胶体金属纳米晶体的定量旋钮

尽管在胶体金属纳米晶体的合成方面取得了令人难以置信的发展，但是以可再现和可预测的方式生产它们仍然具有挑战性。该缺点可以归因于以下事实：协议继续建立在定性观察和经验定律的基础上。由于合成中有大量复杂的实验参数，因此几乎不可能通过有意识地交替使用这些参数来预测和控制结果。从这个角度来看文章中，我们讨论了基于定量测量将纳米晶体合成推向确定性过程的最新努力。特别是，我们专注于盐前体的还原率如何用作定量指标，以预测和控制成核和生长的结果。我们首先简要介绍用于提取合成动力学信息的技术，然后讨论还原速率如何与所得纳米晶体的缺陷结构，形状/形态和元素分布相关。最后，我们着重介绍了与原位探测纳米晶体合成相关的一些最新进展，重点是关于成核和生长的实时，定量方面。

更新日期：2017-09-25

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