Robust Catalysis on 2D Materials Encapsulating Metals: Concept, Application, and Perspective,Advanced Materials

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Robust Catalysis on 2D Materials Encapsulating Metals: Concept, Application, and Perspective
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-22 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606967
Jiao Deng _{1,

2} , Dehui Deng _{1,

2} , Xinhe Bao ₁

Affiliation

Great endeavors are undertaken to search for low‐cost, rich‐reserve, and highly efficient alternatives to replace precious‐metal catalysts, in order to cut costs and improve the efficiency of catalysts in industry. However, one major problem in metal catalysts, especially nonprecious‐metal catalysts, is their poor stability in real catalytic processes. Recently, a novel and promising strategy to construct 2D materials encapsulating nonprecious‐metal catalysts has exhibited inimitable advantages toward catalysis, especially under harsh conditions (e.g., strong acidity or alkalinity, high temperature, and high overpotential). The concept, which originates from unique electron penetration through the 2D crystal layer from the encapsulated metals to promote a catalytic reaction on the outermost surface of the 2D crystal, has been widely applied in a variety of reactions under harsh conditions. It has been vividly described as “chainmail for catalyst.” Herein, recent progress concerning this chainmail catalyst is reviewed, particularly focusing on the structural design and control with the associated electronic properties of such heterostructure catalysts, and also on their extensive applications in fuel cells, water splitting, CO₂ conversion, solar cells, metal–air batteries, and heterogeneous catalysis. In addition, the current challenges that are faced in fundamental research and industrial application, and future opportunities for these fantastic catalytic materials are discussed.

中文翻译：

封装金属的二维材料的稳健催化作用：概念，应用和前景

为了降低成本并提高工业催化剂的效率，人们正在竭尽全力寻找低成本，丰富储备和高效的替代品来代替贵金属催化剂。但是，金属催化剂，特别是非贵金属催化剂的一个主要问题是它们在实际催化过程中的稳定性差。最近，构造包封非贵金属催化剂的2D材料的新颖而有前途的策略在催化方面表现出了无与伦比的优势，特别是在苛刻的条件下（例如强酸或强碱，高温和高超电势）。这个概念源于独特的电子从封装的金属穿过2D晶体层的渗透，以促进2D晶体最外层表面的催化反应，已被广泛应用于苛刻条件下的各种反应中。它被形象地描述为“催化剂的锁链邮件”。在此，回顾了有关这种链邮催化剂的最新进展，特别是侧重于这种异质结构催化剂的结构设计和相关电子性能的控制，以及它们在燃料电池，水分解，CO中的广泛应用。₂转换，太阳能电池，金属空气电池和非均相催化。此外，还讨论了基础研究和工业应用中当前面临的挑战，以及这些奇妙的催化材料的未来机会。

更新日期：2017-09-22

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