Photocatalysis is considered as one of the promising routes to solve the energy and environmental crises by utilizing solar energy. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄) has attracted worldwide attention due to its visible‐light activity, facile synthesis from low‐cost materials, chemical stability, and unique layered structure. However, the pure g‐C₃N₄ photocatalyst still suffers from its low separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers, which results in unsatisfactory photocatalytic activity. Recently, g‐C₃N₄‐based heterostructures have become research hotspots for their greatly enhanced charge carrier separation efficiency and photocatalytic performance. According to the different transfer mechanisms of photogenerated charge carriers between g‐C₃N₄ and the coupled components, the g‐C₃N₄‐based heterostructured photocatalysts can be divided into the following categories: g‐C₃N₄‐based conventional type II heterojunction, g‐C₃N₄‐based Z‐scheme heterojunction, g‐C₃N₄‐based p–n heterojunction, g‐C₃N₄/metal heterostructure, and g‐C₃N₄/carbon heterostructure. This review summarizes the recent significant progress on the design of g‐C₃N₄‐based heterostructured photocatalysts and their special separation/transfer mechanisms of photogenerated charge carriers. Moreover, their applications in environmental and energy fields, e.g., water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, and degradation of pollutants, are also reviewed. Finally, some concluding remarks and perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for exploring advanced g‐C₃N₄‐based heterostructured photocatalysts are presented.

中文翻译：

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基于gC3N4的杂结构光催化剂

光催化被认为是通过利用太阳能解决能源和环境危机的有前途的途径之一。石墨碳氮化物（g-C ₃ N ₄）由于其可见光活性，低成本材料的简便合成，化学稳定性和独特的层状结构而引起了全世界的关注。但是，纯g‐C ₃ N ₄光催化剂仍然遭受光生电荷载体分离效率低的问题，这导致光催化活性不令人满意。最近，g‐C ₃ N ₄基于异质结构的电荷载流子分离效率和光催化性能大大提高，已成为研究热点。根据g‐C ₃ N ₄与耦合组分之间光生电荷载流子转移机制的不同，基于g‐C ₃ N ₄的异质结构光催化剂可分为以下几类：基于g‐C ₃ N ₄的常规II型异质结，基于gC ₃ N ₄的Z型异质结，基于gC ₃ N ₄的p–n异质结，gC ₃ N ₄ /金属异质结和gC₃ N ₄ /碳杂结构。这篇综述总结了基于g‐C ₃ N ₄的异质结构光催化剂的设计及其光生载流子的特殊分离/转移机理的最新重大进展。此外，还综述了它们在环境和能源领域中的应用，例如水分解，减少二氧化碳和污染物的降解。最后，就探索先进的基于gC ₃ N ₄的异质结构光催化剂所面临的挑战和机遇，提出了一些总结性的看法和观点。