The present study is about the enzymatic modification of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fibers for reduction of water uptake and their use in bio-based filaments for 3D printing. Additionally, TMP was used as a fiber reinforcing material and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as the polymer matrix. The hydrophilic TMP fibers were treated via laccase-assisted grafting of octyl gallate (OG) or lauryl gallate (LG) onto the fiber surface. The modified TMP fibers showed remarkable hydrophobic properties, as demonstrated by water contact angle measurements. Filaments reinforced with OG-treated fibers exhibited the lowest water absorption and the best interfacial adhesion with the PLA matrix. Such higher chemical compatibility between the OG-treated fibers and the PLA enabled better stress transfer from the matrix to the fibers during mechanical testing, which led to the manufacture of strong filaments for 3D printing. All of the manufactured filaments were 3D-printable, although the filaments containing OG-treated fibers yielded the best results. Hence, laccase-mediated grafting of OG onto TMP fibers is a sustainable and environmentally friendly pathway for the manufacture of fully bio-based filaments for 3D printing.

中文翻译：

---

酶促热机械纸浆纤维的改性，以改善与聚乳酸的界面粘合性，以进行3D打印

本研究涉及热机械纸浆（TMP）纤维的酶促改性，以减少水的吸收，并将其用于3D打印的生物基长丝中。另外，TMP被用作纤维增强材料，而聚乳酸（PLA）被用作聚合物基质。亲水性TMP纤维通过漆酶辅助将没食子酸辛酯（OG）或月桂酸没食子酸酯（LG）接枝到纤维表面上。改性的TMP纤维显示出显着的疏水性，如水接触角测量所证明。用OG处理的纤维增强的长丝表现出最低的吸水率和与PLA基质的最佳界面粘合力。经过OG处理的纤维与PLA之间的化学相容性更高，从而在机械测试过程中能够更好地将应力从基体转移至纤维，这导致了用于3D打印的坚固长丝的制造。所有制造的长丝都是3D可打印的，尽管包含OG处理过的纤维的长丝产生了最佳效果。因此，漆酶介导的OG接枝到TMP纤维上是制造3D打印完全基于生物的长丝的可持续且环保的途径。