Polycomb (PcG) and Trithorax (TrxG) group proteins are evolutionarily conserved chromatin-modifying factors originally identified as part of an epigenetic cellular memory system that maintains repressed or active gene expression states. Recently, they have been shown to globally control a plethora of cellular processes. This functional diversity is achieved by their ability to regulate chromatin at multiple levels, ranging from modifying local chromatin structure to orchestrating the three-dimensional organization of the genome. Understanding this system is a fascinating challenge of critical relevance for biology and medicine, since misexpression or mutation of multiple PcG components, as well as of TrxG members of the COMPASS family and of the SWI/SNF complex, is implicated in cancer and other diseases.

中文翻译：

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Polycomb和Trithorax的基因组调控：70年和计数。

Polycomb（PcG）和Trithorax（TrxG）组蛋白是进化上保守的染色质修饰因子，最初被鉴定为表观遗传细胞记忆系统的一部分，该系统维持受阻或活跃的基因表达状态。最近，它们已经显示出可以全局控制大量的细胞过程。这种功能多样性是通过它们在多种水平上调节染色质的能力实现的，从修饰局部染色质结构到协调基因组的三维组织。了解此系统是生物学和医学领域至关重要的重要挑战，因为多种PcG成分以及COMPASS系列的TrxG成员和SWI / SNF复合体的错表达或突变与癌症和其他疾病有关。