An effective and facile surface optimization method is conducted by spin-coating the solution containing Al(NO₃)₃ upon compact TiO₂ (c-TiO₂) electrode for enlarging the performance of planar perovskite solar cells (p-PSCs). Meanwhile, the influence of Al(NO₃)₃ solution concentration on efficiency performance of p-PSCs is also carefully investigated. The study results highlight that a discrete Al₂O₃ film can be formed on c-TiO₂ electrode to passivate superficial oxygen vacancies defects and create a pleasurable surface topography, alone with high optical transparency. As a consequence, the champion device based on the modified c-TiO₂ (Al-TiO₂) via spinning 0.7 wt% Al(NO₃)₃ solution drastically yields an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 14.75% as well as enjoys superior device stability compared to its counterpart based on bare c-TiO₂. Through a further analysis, the fact that Al-TiO₂ can effectively augment the charge collection and abate charge recombination efficiency by the suppression of oxygen vacancy defects at Al-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI_3-xCl_x interface than that of bare c-TiO₂ without modification is unveiled. Those findings provide an insight into the correlation between p-PSCs performance and the microscopic characteristics of c-TiO₂, and put forward an effective measure to further promote the performance of p-PSCs for their record efficiency.

通过将包含Al（NO ₃）₃的溶液旋涂在紧凑的TiO ₂（c-TiO ₂）电极上以提高平面钙钛矿太阳能电池（p-PSC）的性能，可以进行有效而简便的表面优化方法。同时，还仔细研究了Al（NO ₃）₃溶液浓度对p-PSCs效率性能的影响。研究结果表明，可以在c-TiO ₂上形成离散的Al ₂ O ₃膜。电极可钝化表面的氧空位缺陷并产生令人愉悦的表面形貌，并具有高光学透明性。结果，通过纺丝0.7wt％的Al（NO ₃）₃溶液基于改性的c-TiO ₂（Al-TiO ₂）的冠军装置极大地产生了14.75％的增强的功率转换效率并且具有优异的装置稳定性。与基于裸c-TiO _2的同类产品相比。通过进一步分析，Al-TiO ₂可以通过抑制Al-TiO ₂ / CH ₃ NH ₃处的氧空位缺陷而有效地提高电荷收集和减少电荷复合效率这一事实。与未改性的裸露的c-TiO ₂相比，PbI _3-x Cl _x界面被公开。这些发现提供了对p-PSCs性能与c-TiO ₂的微观特性之间的相关性的认识，并提出了一种有效的措施来进一步提高p-PSCs的记录效率。