Abstract Several low-density crumpled paper-based materials were fabricated by varying both the volume fraction and the geometry and mechanical properties of paper sheets. Their 3D architecture was investigated using X-ray microtomography. Microstructure descriptors such as the pore size distribution, the mean curvature distribution and the volume fraction of ordered domains were finely analyzed. Their mechanical properties were also assessed using uniaxial compression tests. Our results showed that crumpled materials exhibited a particular porous microstructure with a reproducible mechanical behavior between foams and entangled fibrous materials. Their compressive behavior was characterized by successive elastic, strain-hardening and densification regimes. The effects of the geometry, microstructure and mechanical properties of the sheets on the process-induced microstructures and mechanical performances were discussed. In particular, a simple micromechanical approach was used to estimate analytically and from the 3D images the role of ridges and ordered domains on the mechanical properties of crumpled papers. The evolution of their Young's moduli and yield stresses were studied as a function of their relative densities and compared with experimental data available in the literature for other cellular materials, showing that crumpled papers are promising renewable alternatives to standard polymer foams for several engineering applications, due to the proper combination of mechanical properties, porosity, cost, and easy fabrication.

中文翻译：

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皱巴巴的纸：用于结构应用的低成本生物基细胞材料

摘要 通过改变纸张的体积分数、几何形状和机械性能，制备了几种低密度皱纸基材料。使用 X 射线显微断层扫描研究了它们的 3D 结构。精细分析了微结构描述符，例如孔径分布、平均曲率分布和有序域的体积分数。还使用单轴压缩试验评估了它们的机械性能。我们的结果表明，起皱的材料表现出特殊的多孔微观结构，在泡沫和缠结的纤维材料之间具有可重复的机械行为。它们的压缩行为以连续的弹性、应变硬化和致密化状态为特征。几何效果，对板材的显微组织和力学性能对工艺诱导的显微组织和力学性能进行了讨论。特别是，一种简单的微机械方法被用于分析和从 3D 图像估计脊和有序域对皱纸机械性能的作用。他们的杨氏模量和屈服应力的演变作为其相对密度的函数进行了研究，并与文献中可用的其他蜂窝材料的实验数据进行了比较，表明皱巴巴的纸是几种工程应用中标准聚合物泡沫的有前途的可再生替代品，由于机械性能、孔隙率、成本和易于制造的适当组合。一种简单的微机械方法被用于分析和从 3D 图像估计脊和有序域对皱纸机械性能的作用。他们的杨氏模量和屈服应力的演变作为其相对密度的函数进行了研究，并与文献中可用的其他蜂窝材料的实验数据进行了比较，表明皱巴巴的纸是几种工程应用中标准聚合物泡沫的有前途的可再生替代品，由于机械性能、孔隙率、成本和易于制造的适当组合。一种简单的微机械方法被用于分析和从 3D 图像估计脊和有序域对皱纸机械性能的作用。他们的杨氏模量和屈服应力的演变作为其相对密度的函数进行了研究，并与文献中可用的其他蜂窝材料的实验数据进行了比较，表明皱巴巴的纸是几种工程应用中标准聚合物泡沫的有前途的可再生替代品，由于机械性能、孔隙率、成本和易于制造的适当组合。