The electrochemical and electromechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-based actuators using graphene oxide (GO) or graphene (G)/vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF)/ionic liquid (IL) composite gel electrodes formed are compared with those of actuators using only GO, only G, and only SWCNT.

We compare the results with previous results on actuators with electrodes based on single-wall carbon nano-tubes (SWCNTs). In the frequency range 0.005–10 Hz, the GO/VGCF/IL and G/VGCF/IL actuators exhibit higher strains than actuators fabricated without VGCF. For the GO/VGCF/IL actuators, the maximum strain is greater than for actuators made with only GO or only VGCF. The maximum strain for the GO/VGCF/EMI[BF₄] actuators is 56% greater than that for an SWCNT-based actuator (GO:VGCF ratio of 7:1)—sufficient for possible practical applications. The maximum generated stress obtained for the GO/VGCF/EMI[TFSI] actuators is 10% greater than that for an SWCNT-based actuator. The maximum generated stresses for GO/VGCF/IL and G/VGCF/IL actuators are greater than those for actuators made with only GO or only G. For a limited number of GO:VGCF and G:VGCF ratios, an electrochemical kinetic model, similar to that used for SWCNT-based actuators, successfully predicts the frequency dependence of the displacement response for GO/VGCF and G/VGCF actuators.

These results suggest that flexible, robust films enabled by the synergistic effect obtained by combining graphene and VGCFs can have significant potential as actuator materials for wearable and energy-conversion devices.

比较了使用形成的氧化石墨烯（GO）或石墨烯（G）/气相生长碳纤维（VGCF）/离子液体（IL）复合凝胶电极的聚偏二氟乙烯-共-六氟丙烯）基促动器的电化学和机电性能。仅使用GO，仅G和仅SWCNT的执行器。

我们将结果与以前基于单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）的电极作动器的结果进行比较。在0.005至10 Hz的频率范围内，GO / VGCF / IL和G / VGCF / IL执行器比没有VGCF的执行器具有更高的应变。对于GO / VGCF / IL执行器，最大应变大于仅使用GO或仅使用VGCF制造的执行器。GO / VGCF / EMI [BF _4]的最大应变]执行器比基于SWCNT的执行器（GO：VGCF比率为7：1）大56％，足以满足实际应用的需要。GO / VGCF / EMI [TFSI]执行器所获得的最大产生应力比基于SWCNT的执行器所产生的最大应力大10％。GO / VGCF / IL和G / VGCF / IL执行器的最大产生应力大于仅用GO或仅用G制造的执行器的应力。对于有限数量的GO：VGCF和G：VGCF比，电化学动力学模型与基于SWCNT的执行器类似，它成功地预测了GO / VGCF和G / VGCF执行器位移响应的频率依赖性。

这些结果表明，通过组合石墨烯和VGCF获得的协同效应使柔性，坚固的薄膜作为可穿戴设备和能量转换设备的致动器材料具有巨大的潜力。