Together with plants, soil microbial communities play an essential role in the development of stable ecosystems on degraded lands, such as postmining spoil heaps. Our study addressed concurrent development of the vegetation and soil fungal and bacterial communities in the course of primary succession in a brown coal mine spoil deposit area in the Czech Republic across a chronosequence spanning 54 years. During succession, the plant communities changed from sparse plants over grassland and shrubland into a forest, becoming substantially more diverse with time. Microbial biomass increased until the 21st year of ecosystem development and later decreased. Although there was a close association between fungi and vegetation, with fungi mirroring the differences in plant community assemblages, the development of the bacterial community was different. The early succession community in the barren nonvegetated soil largely differed from that in the older sites, especially in its high abundance of autotrophic and free‐living N₂‐fixing bacteria. Later in succession, bacterial community changes were minor and reflected the chemical parameters of the soil, including pH, which also showed a minor change with time. Our results show that complex forest ecosystems developed over 54 years on the originally barren soil of the temperate zone and indicate an important role of bacteria in the initial stage of soil development. Although the arrival of vegetation affects substantially fungal as well as bacterial communities, it is mainly fungi that respond to the ongoing development of vegetation.

中文翻译：

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在采矿活动造成退化的地区一次演替期间微生物群落的发展

土壤微生物群落与植物一起在退化土地上稳定的生态系统的发展中起着至关重要的作用，例如在弃土堆上挖矿。我们的研究解决了捷克共和国一个棕色煤矿弃渣沉积区的初次演替过程中植被，土壤真菌和细菌群落的同步发展，历时54年。在演替过程中，植物群落从草地和灌木丛上的稀疏植物变成了森林，随着时间的推移变得更加多样化。微生物量一直增加到生态系统发展的第21年，随后下降。尽管真菌和植被之间存在密切的联系，但真菌反映了植物群落组成的差异，但细菌群落的发育却有所不同。_2个固定细菌。后来，细菌群落的变化很小，反映了土壤的化学参数，包括pH值，随时间变化也很小。我们的结果表明，在温带原本贫瘠的土壤上，复杂的森林生态系统发展了超过54年，并表明细菌在土壤发展的初始阶段起着重要的作用。尽管植被的到来对真菌和细菌群落产生了重大影响，但主要是真菌对植被的不断发展做出了反应。