Many wetlands harbour highly diverse biological communities and provide extensive ecosystem services; however, these important ecological features are being altered, degraded and destroyed around the world. Despite a wealth of research on how animals respond to anthropogenic changes to natural wetlands and how they use created wetlands, we lack a broad synthesis of these data. While some altered wetlands may provide vital habitat, others could pose a considerable risk to wildlife. This risk will be heightened if such wetlands are ecological traps – preferred habitats that confer lower fitness than another available habitat. Wetlands functioning as ecological traps could decrease both local and regional population persistence, and ultimately lead to extinctions. Most studies have examined how animals respond to changes in environmental conditions by measuring responses at the community and population levels, but studying ecological traps requires information on fitness and habitat preferences. Our current lack of knowledge of individual‐level responses may therefore limit our capacity to manage wetland ecosystems effectively since ecological traps require different management practices to mitigate potential consequences.

中文翻译：

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湿地人为环境变化对水生动物的影响

许多湿地拥有高度多样化的生物群落并提供广泛的生态系统服务；然而，这些重要的生态特征正在世界各地被改变、退化和破坏。尽管对动物如何对自然湿地的人为变化做出反应以及它们如何利用人工湿地进行了大量研究，但我们缺乏对这些数据的广泛综合。虽然一些改变的湿地可能提供重要的栖息地，但其他湿地可能对野生动物构成相当大的风险。如果这些湿地是生态陷阱——与其他可用栖息地相比适合度较低的首选栖息地，则这种风险将会增加。作为生态陷阱的湿地可能会降低当地和区域人口的持久性，并最终导致灭绝。大多数研究通过测量社区和人口水平的反应来研究动物如何对环境条件的变化做出反应，但研究生态陷阱需要有关健康和栖息地偏好的信息。我们目前对个体层面反应的了解可能因此限制了我们有效管理湿地生态系统的能力，因为生态陷阱需要不同的管理实践来减轻潜在后果。