Abstract Stealth technology combines numerous means and techniques to be ‘invisible’ for opponents in a battle field. Since metals are the key construction materials of military vehicles, weapon and equipment, they can be targeted and detected by RAdio Detection And Ranging (RADAR) systems. Radar-Absorbent Materials (RAMs) – as crucial components of passive countermeasures in the modern-day military tactics – are used for absorption of electromagnetic waves. In the same time, mainly due to high electric conductivity, RAMs – accompanied by designed geometry of the objects they are incorporated into – can yield programmable reflection, multiple internal reflection and scattering towards Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding. Nowadays, the latest achievements of nanotechnology have transformed stealth technology into an even more powerful tool. And among many nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have arisen as one of the most promising active component of RAMs and EMI shielding materials. The unique sp 2 -derived macromolecular architecture equips CNTs with an exceptional combination of electromagnetic, mechanical and chemical properties. This review intends to summarize and critically evaluate the hitherto efforts in the production and applications of CNT nanocomposites/hybrid materials as key constructional civil and military elements, preferably as coatings, layers, films, textiles or panels, towards attenuation of the radio wave radiation.

中文翻译：

---

从黑色到隐形——碳纳米管在隐形技术的无线电波衰减和屏蔽中的作用

摘要 隐身技术结合了多种手段和技术，使战场上的对手“隐形”。由于金属是军用车辆、武器和设备的关键构造材料，它们可以被无线电探测和测距 (RADAR) 系统瞄准和探测。雷达吸收材料 (RAM) - 作为现代军事战术中被动对抗措施的重要组成部分 - 用于吸收电磁波。同时，主要是由于高导电性，RAMs——伴随着它们所包含的物体的设计几何形状——可以产生可编程反射、多重内部反射和向电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽的散射。如今，纳米技术的最新成果已将隐身技术转变为更强大的工具。在众多纳米材料中，碳纳米管 (CNT) 已成为 RAM 和 EMI 屏蔽材料中最有前途的活性成分之一。独特的 sp 2 衍生的大分子结构使碳纳米管具有电磁、机械和化学特性的特殊组合。这篇综述旨在总结和批判性地评估迄今为止在 CNT 纳米复合材料/混合材料作为关键建筑民用和军用元素的生产和应用方面所做的努力，最好是作为涂层、层、薄膜、纺织品或面板，以减少无线电波辐射。独特的 sp 2 衍生的大分子结构使碳纳米管具有电磁、机械和化学特性的特殊组合。这篇综述旨在总结和批判性地评估迄今为止在 CNT 纳米复合材料/混合材料作为关键建筑民用和军用元素的生产和应用方面所做的努力，最好是作为涂层、层、薄膜、纺织品或面板，以减少无线电波辐射。独特的 sp 2 衍生的大分子结构使碳纳米管具有电磁、机械和化学特性的特殊组合。这篇综述旨在总结和批判性地评估迄今为止在 CNT 纳米复合材料/混合材料作为关键建筑民用和军用元素的生产和应用方面所做的努力，最好是作为涂层、层、薄膜、纺织品或面板，以减少无线电波辐射。