Since the 1990s it has been known that B and T lymphocytes exhibit low-level, constitutive signaling in the basal state (tonic signaling). These lymphocytes display a range of affinity for self, which in turn generates a range of tonic signaling. Surprisingly, what signaling pathways are active in the basal state and the functional relevance of the observed tonic signaling heterogeneity remain open questions today. Here we summarize what is known about the mechanistic and functional details of tonic signaling. We highlight recent advances that have increased our understanding of how the amount of tonic signal impacts immune function, describing novel tools that have moved the field forward and toward a molecular understanding of tonic signaling.

中文翻译：

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补品信号：为什么淋巴细胞会打扰？

自1990年代以来，已知B和T淋巴细胞在基础状态下表现出低水平的组成型信号传导（张力信号）。这些淋巴细胞显示出对自身的亲和力范围，进而产生一系列的滋补信号。令人惊讶的是，在基础状态中活跃的信号通路与所观察到的补品信号异质性的功能相关性仍然是当今尚待解决的问题。在这里，我们总结了有关补信号的机制和功能细节的已知信息。我们重点介绍了最近的进展，这些进展增加了我们对强直信号量如何影响免疫功能的理解，描述了推动该领域向前发展并朝着对强直信号的分子理解的新工具。