Changes in social preference of amphibian larvae result from sustained exposure to kinship odorants. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this neuroplasticity, we investigated the effects of olfactory system activation on neurotransmitter (NT) expression in accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) interneurons during development. We show that protracted exposure to kin or non-kin odorants changes the number of dopamine (DA)- or gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-expressing neurons, with corresponding changes in attraction/aversion behavior. Changing the relative number of dopaminergic and GABAergic AOB interneurons or locally introducing DA or GABA receptor antagonists alters kinship preference. We then isolate AOB microRNAs (miRs) differentially regulated across these conditions. Inhibition of miR-375 and miR-200b reveals that they targetPax6andBcl11bto regulate the dopaminergic and GABAergic phenotypes. The results illuminate the role of NT switching governing experience-dependent social preference.

中文翻译：

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miRNA调节神经递质的开关控制社会偏好的变化。

两栖幼虫的社会偏好发生变化是由于持续暴露于亲缘气味。若要了解这种神经可塑性的分子和细胞机制，我们调查了嗅觉系统激活对发育过程中副嗅球（AOB）中神经元中神经递质（NT）表达的影响。我们表明，长期暴露于亲族或非亲族气味中会改变多巴胺（DA）-或表达γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的神经元的数量，并具有相应的吸引/厌恶行为变化。改变多巴胺能和GABA能的AOB神经元的相对数量，或局部引入DA或GABA受体拮抗剂，都会改变亲属偏好。然后，我们分离出在这些条件下受到差异调节的AOB microRNA（miRs）。对miR-375和miR-200b的抑制作用表明，它们靶向Pax6和Bcl11b来调节多巴胺能和GABA能表型。结果阐明了NT转换在支配依赖经验的社会偏好方面的作用。