Oxidative stress and inflammation play a role in the physiopathology of insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A single high-fat, high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Previous studies have shown that orange juice is able to prevent this response by inhibiting toll like receptors (TLR) expression and endotoxemia. Our goal was to study the proteome response in PBMC after the consumption of a HFHC meal consumed with water, orange juice or an isocaloric beverage (water with glucose). Twelve healthy individuals completed the protocol in a cross-over design and blood samples were obtained before and 1, 3, and 5 h after consumption. Proteomic profile, glucose, insulin, lipid and cytokines levels were investigated. The glycemic and insulinemic response was higher when the meal was consumed with glucose while there was no difference in the response between water and orange juice. Proteome analysis in PBMC was carried out using TMT ten-plex. A total of 3,813 proteins, originating from 15,662 peptides were identified. Three proteins showed significantly altered expression in the three treatments: apolipoprotein A-II, ceruloplasmin and hemopexin. When the HFHC meal was consumed with water there was an increase in some inflammatory pathways such as the Fc-gamma receptor dependent phagocytosis and the complement cascade, but the immune system as a whole was not significantly altered. However, when the meal was consumed with glucose, the immune system was up regulated. Among the pathways induced after 3 h were those of the adaptive immune system and cytokine signaling. Five hours after the meal, pathways of the complement cascade and classical antibody mediated complement activation were up regulated. When the meal was consumed with orange juice there was an up regulation of proteins involved in signal transduction, DNA replication and cell cycle. The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) showed a 28.2-fold increase. This protein was down regulated when the meal was consumed with water. Regarding the immune system, several of the pathways induced by glucose were down regulated when the meal was consumed with orange juice: proteins involved with the adaptive immune system and cytokine signaling. Therefore, we have shown that orange juice can not only suppress diet induced inflammation, but also regulate the expression of proteins such as PML, that may play a key role in the regulation of metabolism.

中文翻译：

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橙汁高脂高碳水化合物餐后外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）的蛋白质组学分析

氧化应激和炎症在胰岛素抵抗，糖尿病和心血管疾病的生理病理中起作用。单一高脂，高碳水化合物（HFHC）膳食会导致外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中的炎症和氧化应激标志物增加。先前的研究表明，橙汁能够通过抑制收费样受体（TLR）表达和内毒素血症来预防这种反应。我们的目标是研究用水，橙汁或等热量饮料（加糖的水）摄入的HFHC餐后PBMC中的蛋白质组反应。12名健康个体通过交叉设计完成了方案，并且在食用前，食用后1、3和5 h获得了血液样本。蛋白质组学，葡萄糖，胰岛素，脂质和细胞因子水平进行了调查。当膳食与葡萄糖一起食用时，血糖和胰岛素反应更高，而水和橙汁之间的反应没有差异。使用TMT十重序列进行PBMC中的蛋白质组分析。共鉴定到3,813种蛋白质，来源于15,662种肽。在三种治疗中，三种蛋白的表达发生了显着改变：载脂蛋白A-II，铜蓝蛋白和血红蛋白。当HFHC进食与水一起食用时，某些炎症途径会增加，例如Fc-γ受体依赖性吞噬作用和补体级联反应，但整个免疫系统并未显着改变。但是，当膳食中的葡萄糖被摄入时，免疫系统被上调。3小时后诱导的途径包括适应性免疫系统和细胞因子信号传导。饭后五小时，补体级联和经典抗体介导的补体激活途径被上调。当餐食与橙汁一起食用时，涉及信号转导，DNA复制和细胞周期的蛋白质上调。早幼粒细胞白血病蛋白（PML）显示增加了28.2倍。进食水时，该蛋白质被下调。关于免疫系统，当餐食与橙汁一起食用时，葡萄糖诱导的几种途径均被下调：与适应性免疫系统和细胞因子信号传导有关的蛋白质。因此，我们证明了橙汁不仅可以抑制饮食引起的炎症，