This paper proposes a bi–level formulation for a coupled microgrid power and reserve capacity planning problem, cast within the jurisdiction of a distribution system operator(DSO). The upper level problem of the proposed bi–level model represents a microgrid planner whose goal is to minimize its planning and operational cost, while the lower level problem represents a DSO whose primary duty is to ensure reliable power supply. The microgrid planner, pursues its interest by co–optimizing the design configuration and power output of individual distributed energy resources (DERs), while the DSO maximizes the capacity of flexible reserve resources. The proposed model is recast as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) wherein the decision variables of the two problems are independently controlled. Application of the proposed approach to the energy infrastructure of a Canadian utility network is discussed. Results obtained through its application are compared to an alternative multi–objective planning model and the improved benefits are assigned to the corresponding stakeholders.

本文针对配电网运营商（DSO）管辖范围内的微电网功率和备用容量规划问题提出了一个双层计划。所提出的双层模型的上层问题代表了一个微电网规划者，其目标是最大程度地减少其规划和运营成本，而下层问题则代表了一个DSO，其主要职责是确保可靠的电源供应。微电网计划者通过共同优化单个分布式能源（DER）的设计配置和功率输出来追求其兴趣，而DSO则最大化了灵活的备用资源的容量。所提出的模型被重铸为具有平衡约束（MPEC）的数学程序，其中两个问题的决策变量被独立控制。讨论了所提出的方法在加拿大公用事业网络的能源基础设施中的应用。将通过其应用获得的结果与替代的多目标计划模型进行比较，并将改进的收益分配给相应的利益相关者。