The gut microbiota that resides in the mammalian intestine plays a critical role in host health, nutrition, metabolic and immune homeostasis. As symbiotic bacteria, these microorganisms depend mostly on non-digestible fibers and polysaccharides as energy sources. Dietary polysaccharides that reach the distal gut are fermented by gut microbiota and thus exert a fundamental impact on intestinal ecology. Marine polysaccharides contain a class of dietary fibers that are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries (e.g., agar and carrageenan). In this regard, insights into fermentation of marine polysaccharides and its effects on intestinal ecology are of vital importance for understanding the beneficial effects of these glycans. Here, in this review, to provide an overlook of current advances and facilitate future studies in this field, we describe and summarize up-to-date findings on how marine polysaccharides are metabolized by gut microbiota and what effects these polysaccharides have on intestinal ecology.

中文翻译：

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海洋多糖肠道菌群发酵及其对肠道生态的影响：综述

驻留在哺乳动物肠道中的肠道菌群在宿主健康，营养，代谢和免疫稳态方面起着至关重要的作用。作为共生细菌，这些微生物主要依赖于不易消化的纤维和多糖作为能源。到达肠道远端的膳食多糖会被肠道菌群发酵，从而对肠道生态产生根本性影响。海洋多糖含有一类膳食纤维，广泛用于食品和制药行业（例如琼脂和角叉菜胶）。在这方面，深入了解海洋多糖的发酵及其对肠道生态的影响对于理解这些聚糖的有益作用至关重要。在此，本次审查旨在忽略当前的进展并促进该领域的未来研究，